【摘要】：2013年6月頒布的《通用規(guī)范漢字表》以其權(quán)威性、實用性得到社會各界廣泛關(guān)注。《通用規(guī)范漢字表》意義和字形、字義方面的討論較豐富,但語音方面研究較少。《通用規(guī)范漢字表》一級字表中的3500個常用漢字,是社會使用頻率最高的漢字,關(guān)系到社會生活的方方面面。因此,本文將這3500個漢字作為研究對象,考察其古今語音狀況及變化情況,并對語音演變的例外現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析。針對語音規(guī)范化方面所存在的問題,提出了相關(guān)建議。論文主要內(nèi)容如下:第一章為緒論,介紹了研究對象、研究目的、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究方法和研究意義。研究封閉材料《通用規(guī)范漢字表》一級字表的3500個常用漢字,運(yùn)用歸納法、對比法、定量統(tǒng)計的方法。研究現(xiàn)狀介紹了《通用規(guī)范漢字表》的概況,接著分為《通用規(guī)范漢字表》研究、語音演變研究、語音規(guī)范化研究三個部分進(jìn)行簡述。第二章總結(jié)了古今語音演變規(guī)律,分別從聲母、韻母、聲調(diào)三個方面進(jìn)行概述。第三章以《廣韻》中的反切作為古音標(biāo)準(zhǔn),按照古今語音演變規(guī)律推出今讀。再與《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》今音做對比,今音標(biāo)準(zhǔn)輔之《普通話異讀詞審音表》。不符合古今語音演變規(guī)律的字歸納其原因。原因分為形、音、義及其他四個方面,嘗試對不符合古今語音演變規(guī)律的原因做出說明。經(jīng)研究:1.漢字字形的變化,會影響其今讀,可以分為三類:字形類化,讀為聲符字或同聲符字,如盯、檸、臉;字形類化,讀為與聲符字或同聲符字的讀音部分相同的語音,如勘、蝸、謎;偶然同形,字形簡化后、后起字與源字音義皆無關(guān),讀為同形字音,如噸、御、背。2.漢字字音的變化,會影響其今讀,可以分為三類:中古反切演變?yōu)榻褡x,受存留的上古音影響,不合語音演變規(guī)律,如他、它、爹;表示動作的清入聲字今讀為陰平聲,如刷、摘、失;多音字因為文白異讀而產(chǎn)生新音,不合規(guī)律,如露、逮。3.漢字意義的變化,會影響其今讀,可以分為三類:因字義變化產(chǎn)生新音,如都、溜、冠;為避諱而改讀新音,如入、鳥、糙;意義相近而改讀新音,如漲、撿、秤。4.還有一些例外情況無法做出解釋,如清入聲聲調(diào)演變情況規(guī)律難尋,個別字聲母或韻母不合語音音變規(guī)律等。第四章審視語音規(guī)范工作并提出建議,指出語音規(guī)范工作存在的問題,總結(jié)了一些語音規(guī)范工作中,尤其是進(jìn)行審音、定音工作時應(yīng)該遵循的原則,最后給出了如何處理具體問題的建議。
[Abstract]:The General Standard Chinese character Table, promulgated in June 2013, has received extensive attention from all walks of life for its authority and practicability. However, there is little research on pronunciation. The 3500 commonly used Chinese characters in the "Common Standard Chinese character Table" are the most frequently used Chinese characters in the society, and they are related to all aspects of social life. Therefore, this paper takes the 3500 Chinese characters as the research object, investigates the phonological status and changes of the ancient and modern Chinese characters, and analyzes the exception of the phonetic evolution. In view of the problems existing in the standardization of pronunciation, the relevant suggestions are put forward. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction, which introduces the research object, research purpose, research status, research methods and research significance. This paper studies 3500 commonly used Chinese characters in the first class Chinese character table of the closed material. The methods of induction, contrast and quantitative statistics are used. This paper introduces the general situation of the General Specification Chinese character Table, and then it is divided into three parts: the General Specification Chinese character Table, the phonetic Evolution Research and the phonetic Standardization Research. The second chapter summarizes the ancient and modern phonetic evolution law, respectively from the consonant, vowel, tone three aspects summarized. The third chapter uses the reverse tangent in Guang Yun as the standard of ancient pronunciation, according to the law of ancient and modern phonetic evolution. In contrast with the Modern Chinese Dictionary, the standard of the present pronunciation is called the syllables of different pronouncing words in Putonghua. The causes of the characters which do not accord with the rules of ancient and modern phonetic evolution are summed up. The causes are divided into shape, sound, meaning and other four aspects, trying to explain the reasons that do not conform to the rules of ancient and modern phonetic evolution. The study was made at 1: 1. The change in the shape of a Chinese character, which will affect its present reading, can be divided into three categories: font categorization, which can be read as a phonetic character or a synonym character, such as staring, lime, or face, and a font that is read as a phonetic part of a phonetic character, such as a consonant character or a syllable character, such as a consonant, a cochlear, or a phonetic part of a syllable character. Riddle; accidental homograph, simplified, after the word and source word meaning is irrelevant, read as a homograph, such as ton, Royal, back. 2. The changes in the pronunciation of Chinese characters will affect their reading today, and they can be divided into three categories: the middle ancient reverse tangent evolves into the present reading, which is influenced by the remaining ancient sounds, and does not conform to the rules of phonetic evolution, such as he, it, father; the words that indicate the movement are pronounced as Yin and flat, such as brushes. Pick, lose; polysyllabic words because of the text and white reading and produce new sound, irregular, such as exposed, catch. 3. Changes in the meaning of Chinese characters can affect their reading today, and can be divided into three categories: new sounds produced by changes in the meaning of Chinese characters, such as du, slips, and crowns; new sounds, such as entering, birds, and rough; new sounds, such as rising, picking up, scale. 4, which are changed to avoid taboos; and similar meanings are changed to new sounds, such as rising, picking up, scale. 4. There are also some exceptions that can not be explained, such as the law of tone evolution in Qing Dynasty is difficult to find, the initial or vowel of individual words is not consistent with the law of phonetic change, and so on. The fourth chapter examines the work of phonetic standardization and puts forward some suggestions, points out the problems existing in the work of phonetic standardization, and summarizes some principles that should be followed in the work of phonetic standardization, especially in the work of examining and determining pronunciation. Finally, some suggestions on how to deal with the specific problems are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H11

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