【摘要】：本文選取了四組典型或非典型的程度補語進行研究,分別是“無可無不可”、“不要不要的”、“不得了”和“了不得”、“要死”和“要命”,在前人研究的基礎上,結合語法化、詞匯化、主觀化等理論,從歷時與共時兩個角度,著重分析了程度義的獲得過程。因此,總結了習語性程度補語程度義的四條獲得路徑:從條件到程度、從否定到程度、從能性到程度、從終點到程度。全文主要包括以下幾個部分。一、緒論。確定研究對象和范圍;簡述國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀;闡述本文的創(chuàng)新之處及研究意義;對本文的語料來源和理論方法做出簡要介紹。二、由條件到程度——以“無可無不可”為例。本文從句法位置的歷時演變及詞義演變對“無可無不可”語法化的問題做出詳細分析。在對“無可無不可”的用法做出描寫的基礎上,對“無可無不可”的發(fā)展及“語法化”過程做出詳細刻畫。本文認為,“無可無不可”具有程度義,這是從量度意義獲得的。關于[+量]的獲得,它經(jīng)歷了兩個時期:一、從“無程度”到“隱程度”;二、從“隱程度”到“顯程度”。三、由否定到程度——以“不要不要的”為例。“不要不要的”作為一個現(xiàn)代漢語新興出現(xiàn)的程度補語,其呈現(xiàn)出不規(guī)范性、非普及性、語體限制性等特點。本章節(jié)對“不要不要的”的句法功能進行詳細描寫,其語用功能具有褒義性、活潑性、極致性及附加性的特點。程度補語“不要不要的”則是從“不要動”發(fā)展而來,句法位置及詞義的變化,帶來了否定義的磨損、消失,最終具有了表示“非常、十分”的程度義。四、由能性到程度——以“不得了”、“了不得”為例�！安坏昧恕薄ⅰ傲瞬坏谩笔莾蓚�新興的程度補語。在現(xiàn)代漢語中,“不得了”了不得”的用法存在很多相似性。文章中對它們是如何獲得程度義、如何演變?yōu)槌潭妊a語等問題給出充分的描述和解釋。此外,對程度補語“不得了”“了不得”使用情況作出區(qū)分:當主觀性強于客觀性時,傾向使用程度補語“不得了”;當客觀性強于主觀性時,傾向使用程度補語“了不得”。當主觀性與客觀性相當時,二者可互換。五、由終點到程度——以“要死”、“要命”為例�！耙馈�、“要命”的程度義獲得經(jīng)歷了詞匯化和語法化的過程�！耙馈边B用早在先秦時已出現(xiàn),程度補語“要死”是由連謂結構發(fā)展而來;“要命”連用情況出現(xiàn)時期較晚,最早于明末時出現(xiàn),為動賓結構。本文認為,程度的量化差異是程度補語“要死/要命”顯著的區(qū)別,當說話人要強調程度很深時,則會優(yōu)先使用程度補語“要死”,且二者不可互換。當不用于強調程度時,二者可以互換。并且,二者程度量的差異,表現(xiàn)為這兩個方面:一、主觀與客觀;二、程度的遞增與提升。六、結論:總結了程度補語程度義的獲得路徑。由條件到程度;由否定到程度;由能性到程度;由終點到程度。此外,語法化、詞匯化的促發(fā)動因,包括語義虛化、句法位置的改變、使用頻率的提高和網(wǎng)絡媒體的影響。
[Abstract]:This paper chooses four groups of typical or atypical degree complements to study, which are "indispensable", "do not want", "can not" and "great", "to die" and "to die". On the basis of previous studies, combined with grammaticalization, lexicalization, subjectivism and other theories, it focuses on the analysis from diachronic and synchronic perspectives. Therefore, this paper summarizes four approaches to acquire the degree meaning of idiomatic degree complement: from condition to degree, from negation to degree, from ability to degree, from end to degree. Secondly, from the condition to the degree - Taking "indispensable" as an example. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the grammaticalization of "indispensable" from the persistent evolution of syntactic position and the evolution of word meaning. On the basis of this, the development of "indispensable" and the process of "grammaticalization" are described in detail. This paper holds that "indispensable" has a degree of meaning, which is obtained from the measurement of meaning. Thirdly, from negation to degree-taking "do not want" as an example. "do not want" as a newly emerging degree complement in modern Chinese, it presents non-standard, non-universal, stylistic restrictions and other characteristics. This chapter describes the syntactic function of "do not want" in detail, its pragmatic function is commendatory, lively. The degree complement "do not want" develops from "do not move". The change of syntactic position and word meaning brings about the wear and tear of negative meaning and disappears. Finally, it has the degree meaning of "very, very". Fourth, from initiative to degree - take "no" and "no". In modern Chinese, there are many similarities in the usage of "awesome" and "awesome". When subjectivity is stronger than objectivity, it tends to use degree complement "not good"; when objectivity is stronger than subjectivity, it tends to use degree complement "not good". When subjectivity and objectivity are equal, the two can be exchanged. 5, from the end point to the degree - take "to die" and "to die" for example. The acquisition of the meaning of degree has gone through the process of Lexicalization and grammaticalization.The use of "to die" has appeared as early as the pre-Qin Dynasty,and the degree complement "to die" is developed from the conjunction structure.The occurrence of the situation of "to die" is relatively late,first appeared in the late Ming Dynasty,and is the verb-object structure.This paper holds that the quantitative difference of degree is the degree complement "to die". The significant difference between death and fatality is that when the speaker wants to emphasize the degree very deeply, the degree complement "to die" will be preferred and the two are not interchangeable. When not used to emphasize the degree, the two can be interchanged. Moreover, the difference between the degree of the two is manifested in two aspects: first, subjective and objective; second, the degree of increasing and upgrading. In addition, the motivation of grammaticalization and lexicalization, including semantic grammaticalization, the change of syntactic position, the increase of frequency of use and the influence of network media, is also discussed.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.3

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