發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-21 10:19

【摘要】：言語(yǔ)行為理論是語(yǔ)用學(xué)最重要的理論之一。根據(jù)這一理論,人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言交際最小的單位是“言語(yǔ)行為”,而非句子或語(yǔ)段�！敖ㄗh”言語(yǔ)行為,作為一種典型的指令性行為,不僅廣泛地出現(xiàn)在日常的語(yǔ)言交際中,也常用于正式的機(jī)構(gòu)會(huì)話中,例如教學(xué)、電視欄目和咨詢等等。充分認(rèn)識(shí)和把握“建議”言語(yǔ)行為的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式和特征,有利于促進(jìn)交際雙方更好地溝通和交流,避免交際受阻、中斷或誤解等情況的發(fā)生。到目前為止,很多學(xué)者站在心理學(xué)的角度上對(duì)心理咨詢理論和咨詢技巧方面做過(guò)大量研究,但是對(duì)于在咨詢過(guò)程中起到關(guān)鍵作用的“語(yǔ)言”工具卻忽略了。這就是為什么對(duì)咨詢語(yǔ)言方面的研究如此之少。本論文著眼于研究咨詢?cè)捳Z(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的并起著重要作用的“建議”言語(yǔ)行為。本研究是一項(xiàng)基于純粹的中文語(yǔ)料的實(shí)證研究。語(yǔ)料收集于經(jīng)典的心理咨詢書(shū)籍、咨詢網(wǎng)站和高校真實(shí)的咨詢案例。論文運(yùn)用塞爾的言語(yǔ)行為理論,探索了中文建議言語(yǔ)行為的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式和類(lèi)別,咨詢師在實(shí)施“建議”言語(yǔ)行為時(shí)所采用的語(yǔ)用策略,以及建議言語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)用特征。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),根據(jù)“建議”的強(qiáng)度和效力可以將“建議”言語(yǔ)行為歸納為四大類(lèi),即教導(dǎo)、勸導(dǎo)、指導(dǎo)和引導(dǎo)。在實(shí)施不同的“建議”言語(yǔ)行為時(shí),咨詢師也會(huì)采取各種不同的語(yǔ)用策略,以滿足交際雙方的需要。主要有以下三個(gè)方面的需要：建立并維持良好的“來(lái)訪者—咨詢師”關(guān)系；保護(hù)來(lái)訪者的“面子”；以及增強(qiáng)“建議”的效力。從咨詢語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)用特征看,在詞匯的使用上,緩和語(yǔ)氣詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)常被用于緩和“建議”的語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)度以及拉近咨詢師和來(lái)訪者之間的距離。在句式層面看,陳述句是最常出現(xiàn)的句式。這與很多學(xué)者慣常所認(rèn)為的疑問(wèn)句該是最常使用的句式相反。從語(yǔ)義層面看,說(shuō)理句是最常出現(xiàn)的。研究表明,中文的“建議”言語(yǔ)行為的類(lèi)型是多樣的。咨詢師熟練地掌握各種建議類(lèi)型及其實(shí)現(xiàn)形式和特征,有助于咨詢的順利進(jìn)行。咨詢師所運(yùn)用的各種語(yǔ)用策略也是多種多樣的。有意識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)并練習(xí)使用這些策略,能幫助咨詢師應(yīng)付咨詢過(guò)程中出現(xiàn)的各種交際需求,并且有助于咨詢師得心應(yīng)手的實(shí)施“建議”言語(yǔ)行為。對(duì)咨詢語(yǔ)言的詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)義上的探究也給咨詢師在實(shí)施“建議”言語(yǔ)行為時(shí)提供了參考和方向。綜上所述,對(duì)于心理咨詢語(yǔ)言的研究不僅僅豐富了語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論的應(yīng)用和實(shí)踐,促進(jìn)了心理咨詢研究的進(jìn)一步深入,更使語(yǔ)言這一交際工具實(shí)現(xiàn)了更大的價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Speech act theory is one of the most important theories in pragmatics. According to this theory, the smallest unit of human language communication is speech act, not sentence or segment. As a typical directive act, "suggested" speech act is not only widely used in daily language communication, but also used in formal organization conversation, such as teaching, TV program, consultation and so on. To fully understand and grasp the ways and characteristics of the realization of the speech act of "suggestion" is helpful to promote better communication and communication between the two parties, and to avoid the occurrence of obstructions, interruptions or misunderstandings. Up to now, many scholars have done a lot of research on psychological counseling theory and consulting skills from the perspective of psychology, but have neglected the "language" tool which plays a key role in the consultation process. This is why there is so little research on consulting languages. This paper focuses on the common and important speech acts of "suggestion" in consulting discourse. This study is an empirical study based on pure Chinese corpus. The corpus is collected in classic psychological counseling books, consulting websites and real counseling cases in colleges and universities. Based on Searle's theory of speech act, this paper explores the ways and types of the implementation of Chinese suggested speech act, the pragmatic strategies adopted by the consultant in the implementation of the "suggested" speech act, and the pragmatic characteristics of the suggested speech. The present study finds that according to the strength and effect of "suggestion", the speech act of "suggestion" can be classified into four categories, namely, teaching, persuasion, guidance and guidance. When implementing different "suggested" speech acts, consultants also adopt different pragmatic strategies to meet the needs of both parties. There are three main needs: to establish and maintain a good "visitor-consultant" relationship, to protect the "face" of the visitor, and to enhance the effectiveness of the "advice". From the perspective of the pragmatic features of the consulting language, in the use of lexical terms, the tenderness and modal verbs are often used to ease the tone intensity of the "suggestion" and to narrow the distance between the consultant and the visitor. At the level of sentence pattern, declarative sentence is the most common sentence pattern. This is contrary to many scholars' usual belief that interrogative sentences are the most commonly used sentence patterns. From the semantic level, rational sentences are the most common. The study shows that the types of Chinese "suggested" speech acts are diverse. The consultant is skillful in mastering the types of advice and the forms and characteristics of their implementation, which is helpful to the smooth progress of the consultation. The various pragmatic strategies used by consultants are also diverse. Consciously learning and practicing using these strategies can help the consultant to cope with the various communication needs that arise during the consultation process, and help the consultant to implement the "recommended" speech act easily. The inquiry into the vocabulary, sentence structure and semantics of the consulting language also provides reference and direction for the consultant to carry out the speech act of "suggestion". To sum up, the study of psychological counseling language not only enriches the application and practice of linguistic theory, promotes the further study of psychological counseling, but also makes language as a communicative tool achieve greater value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H136

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本文編號(hào)：2135205