北京話雙音節(jié)中響音鼻化度及其他聲學(xué)特征的統(tǒng)計分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-21 09:19
【摘要】：本文以北京話雙音節(jié)詞作為基本研究對象,將雙音節(jié)詞分成六種組合形式,這六種組合形式中的元音、通音聲母和鼻音韻尾即為本文的主要研究對象,并且從兩方面對其進(jìn)行考察。首先是運用鼻音計(Kay NasometerⅡ6400)考察六種組合方式中響音的鼻化度,其次是對六種組合方式中響音的聲學(xué)特征進(jìn)行分析,包括音長、音強(qiáng)以及共振峰,并進(jìn)一步分析上述聲學(xué)特征與鼻化度之間的關(guān)系。通過實驗,得出的主要結(jié)論如下:1.雙音節(jié)中響音鼻化度的規(guī)律(1)通音聲母:雙音節(jié)中通音聲母的鼻化度較單音節(jié)中的有所提高,當(dāng)前字為鼻音尾時,后字鼻音聲母/m、n/和前字鼻尾的鼻化度曲線融為一體,時長增加,構(gòu)成雙鼻音。(2)鼻尾:雙音節(jié)中鼻尾的鼻化度較單音節(jié)中的有所降低,和孤立音節(jié)相比鼻音韻尾在語流中弱化的傾向更為突出,前鼻尾/-n/鼻化度降低的幅度要大于后鼻尾/-?/,鼻音韻尾/-n/先于/-?/脫落。當(dāng)后字為零聲母元音尾時,前字鼻音韻尾最易與其前的元音融合成鼻化音,鼻化率最高。當(dāng)后字為塞音、塞擦音時,鼻音韻尾的鼻化度與單字音中的較為接近,鼻尾基本沒有出現(xiàn)弱化、鼻化現(xiàn)象。當(dāng)后字為擦音時,前字鼻尾的弱化程度較高,在清聲母中,擦音對降低前字鼻尾的影響最大。鼻音韻尾前接不同元音時鼻化度有所不同,在央低元音/a/后的鼻尾鼻化度最低,前高元音/i/后的鼻尾鼻化度最高,這與單字音中的鼻尾表現(xiàn)出了 一致的規(guī)律。(3)元音:當(dāng)前、后字都為清輔音聲母時,該組合中的元音鼻化度與單音節(jié)中的元音鼻化度相比,有提高的也對降低的,然而雙音節(jié)中含有通音聲母或鼻音韻尾時,這些組合中的元音由于受到較高鼻化度的通音聲母和鼻音韻尾的影響,使它們的鼻化度有所提高。在同一雙音節(jié)組合形式中,基本都表現(xiàn)為i、a的鼻化度最高,u、e的鼻化度最低,即舌位越前、越低則鼻化度越高;舌位越后、越高則鼻化度越低,這與單字音中的元音表現(xiàn)出了一致的規(guī)律。(4)性別因素對鼻化度的影響將北京話雙音節(jié)中的響音鼻化度分開男女進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計發(fā)現(xiàn),女性的通音聲母、鼻音韻尾、元音的鼻化度在總體上要高于男性,但通過獨立樣本T檢驗發(fā)現(xiàn),性別因素在整體上對北京話響音鼻化度無顯著影響。2.雙音節(jié)中響音的時長、音強(qiáng)、共振峰與其鼻化度之間的關(guān)系通過Pearson相關(guān)性分析得出結(jié)論,雙音節(jié)中鼻音韻尾的時長與其鼻化度之間存在相關(guān)性,鼻尾時長越長,鼻尾鼻化度越高;鼻尾時長越短,鼻尾鼻化度越低,正常、弱化、鼻化三種狀態(tài)的鼻尾時長依次呈遞減趨勢。而通音聲母和元音的時長與其鼻化度之間不存在相關(guān)性;雙音節(jié)中響音的音強(qiáng)、共振峰與其鼻化度之間均不存在相關(guān)性。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the double syllable words of Beijing dialect as the basic research object, divides the double syllable words into six combination forms. The vowels, the vowels and the nasal consonants of the six combinations are the main objects of this paper, and they are investigated from two aspects. The first is to investigate the six combination methods using the nasal sylmeter (Kay Nasometer II 6400). The nasal degree of the sound, followed by the analysis of the acoustic characteristics of the sound in the six combinations, including the sound length, the intensity and the resonance peak, and further analysis the relationship between the acoustic characteristics and the nasal degree. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the regularity of the loudness of the loudness in the double syllable (1) the phonetic initials: the medium of the double syllable. The nasal degree of the phonetic consonants is higher than that in the monosyllabic syllable. The current word is the end of the nasal sound, the posterior nasal consonant /m, the n/ and the nasal caudal curve of the anterior nasal tail are integrated, and the length increases, forming a double nasal sound. (2) the nose tail: the nasal tail in the double syllable is lower than that in the monosyllabic syllable, and the nasal consonant tail is weakened in the flow compared with the isolated syllable. The tendency of the nasal caudal /-n/ in the anterior nasal tail is greater than that of the rear nasal tail / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - /? / - / shedding. When the post is zero consonant vowel tail, the anterior nasal consonant is most easily fused with the former vowel, with the highest nasal rate. More close, the nasal tail basically has no weakening, nasal phenomenon. When the post is the fricative, the anterior nasal tail has a higher degree of weakening. In the consonant, the friction has the greatest influence on the reduction of the anterior nasal tail. The nasal inchemical degree is different when the nasal sound is followed by different vowels, and the nasal caudal nose after the central low /a/ is the lowest, and the front high vowel is after /i/. The nasal tail has the highest degree of nose, which is consistent with the nasal tail in the single word. (3) vowels: at present, when the post word is the consonant consonant, the vowel nasal information of the combination is improved and decreases compared to the vowel nasal degree in the monosyllabic. However, in the double syllable, the combination contains the consonant or nasal consonants in these combinations. In the same double syllable combination, the vowels are basically I, a has the highest nasal degree, u, and E has the lowest nasal degree, that is, the higher the tongue position, the higher the nasal inchemical degree; the higher the tongue position, the lower the nasal inchemical, which is with the monosyllabic tone. The vowels showed a consistent rule. (4) the influence of sex factors on the nasal inchemical degree of the Beijing dialect was found to separate the male and female in the double syllable. The female's voice consonant, the nasal consonant and the vowel's nasal degree were higher than men in general, but the gender factors were found on the whole of Beijing by the independent sample T test. There is no significant influence on the length of the loudness in the.2. double syllable, the relationship between the sound intensity, the resonance peak and the nasal degree of the syllable is found by the Pearson correlation analysis. The length of the nasal tails in the double syllable is related to the nasal degree, the longer the end of the nose, the higher the nasal caudal nose, the shorter the end of the nose, and the greater the nasal caudal nose. The lower, normal, weakening, and nasalized three states of the nasal tail were descending in turn, but there was no correlation between the length of the phonetic consonants and the length of vowels and their noses, and there was no correlation between the sound intensity, the resonance peak and the nasal degree of the sounding sound in the double syllable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H172.1
本文編號：2135060
[Abstract]:This paper takes the double syllable words of Beijing dialect as the basic research object, divides the double syllable words into six combination forms. The vowels, the vowels and the nasal consonants of the six combinations are the main objects of this paper, and they are investigated from two aspects. The first is to investigate the six combination methods using the nasal sylmeter (Kay Nasometer II 6400). The nasal degree of the sound, followed by the analysis of the acoustic characteristics of the sound in the six combinations, including the sound length, the intensity and the resonance peak, and further analysis the relationship between the acoustic characteristics and the nasal degree. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. the regularity of the loudness of the loudness in the double syllable (1) the phonetic initials: the medium of the double syllable. The nasal degree of the phonetic consonants is higher than that in the monosyllabic syllable. The current word is the end of the nasal sound, the posterior nasal consonant /m, the n/ and the nasal caudal curve of the anterior nasal tail are integrated, and the length increases, forming a double nasal sound. (2) the nose tail: the nasal tail in the double syllable is lower than that in the monosyllabic syllable, and the nasal consonant tail is weakened in the flow compared with the isolated syllable. The tendency of the nasal caudal /-n/ in the anterior nasal tail is greater than that of the rear nasal tail / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - / - /? / - / shedding. When the post is zero consonant vowel tail, the anterior nasal consonant is most easily fused with the former vowel, with the highest nasal rate. More close, the nasal tail basically has no weakening, nasal phenomenon. When the post is the fricative, the anterior nasal tail has a higher degree of weakening. In the consonant, the friction has the greatest influence on the reduction of the anterior nasal tail. The nasal inchemical degree is different when the nasal sound is followed by different vowels, and the nasal caudal nose after the central low /a/ is the lowest, and the front high vowel is after /i/. The nasal tail has the highest degree of nose, which is consistent with the nasal tail in the single word. (3) vowels: at present, when the post word is the consonant consonant, the vowel nasal information of the combination is improved and decreases compared to the vowel nasal degree in the monosyllabic. However, in the double syllable, the combination contains the consonant or nasal consonants in these combinations. In the same double syllable combination, the vowels are basically I, a has the highest nasal degree, u, and E has the lowest nasal degree, that is, the higher the tongue position, the higher the nasal inchemical degree; the higher the tongue position, the lower the nasal inchemical, which is with the monosyllabic tone. The vowels showed a consistent rule. (4) the influence of sex factors on the nasal inchemical degree of the Beijing dialect was found to separate the male and female in the double syllable. The female's voice consonant, the nasal consonant and the vowel's nasal degree were higher than men in general, but the gender factors were found on the whole of Beijing by the independent sample T test. There is no significant influence on the length of the loudness in the.2. double syllable, the relationship between the sound intensity, the resonance peak and the nasal degree of the syllable is found by the Pearson correlation analysis. The length of the nasal tails in the double syllable is related to the nasal degree, the longer the end of the nose, the higher the nasal caudal nose, the shorter the end of the nose, and the greater the nasal caudal nose. The lower, normal, weakening, and nasalized three states of the nasal tail were descending in turn, but there was no correlation between the length of the phonetic consonants and the length of vowels and their noses, and there was no correlation between the sound intensity, the resonance peak and the nasal degree of the sounding sound in the double syllable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H172.1
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，本文編號：2135060
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