本文選題：模糊限制語(yǔ) + 人際關(guān)系　； 參考：《天津科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)實(shí)物質(zhì)世界及人類認(rèn)知中的模糊性催生了自然語(yǔ)言的模糊屬性。作為模糊家族中重要的一員,模糊限制語(yǔ)普遍存在于言語(yǔ)交際之中,承擔(dān)著與精確語(yǔ)言不同的語(yǔ)用功能。恰當(dāng)?shù)氖褂媚：拗普Z(yǔ)可以使表達(dá)含蓄間接、自然得體、靈活有效,從而更好地傳遞出言語(yǔ)主體的思想和情感,構(gòu)建維系和諧的人際關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)預(yù)期的交際目標(biāo)。自美國(guó)語(yǔ)義學(xué)者Lakoff于1972年首次提出“模糊限制語(yǔ)”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)以來(lái),語(yǔ)言學(xué)界便從語(yǔ)義學(xué)、語(yǔ)用學(xué)、語(yǔ)篇分析、社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)等視角對(duì)其進(jìn)行了多層面地深入分析探討,并取得了豐碩的研究成果。然而模糊限制語(yǔ)的功能研究卻相較不足,故此本文嘗試在功能語(yǔ)言學(xué)框架內(nèi)對(duì)人際關(guān)系中的模糊限制語(yǔ)進(jìn)行分析,探究在言語(yǔ)活動(dòng)中模糊限制語(yǔ)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)人際關(guān)系。本文基于語(yǔ)境理論、和諧管理模式和評(píng)價(jià)理論,建構(gòu)了人際關(guān)系中的模糊限制語(yǔ)的分析框架。本文首先給出了模糊限制語(yǔ)的定義,并將模糊限制語(yǔ)分為緩和型和非緩和型。其次,提出了模糊限制語(yǔ)實(shí)現(xiàn)人際關(guān)系的流程圖,將流程圖中的“情感”和“情景”因素進(jìn)行分類,并采用演繹的方法分析來(lái)源于社會(huì)生活各個(gè)層面中的語(yǔ)料。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)在交際活動(dòng)中,說(shuō)話者的積極情感可以通過(guò)非緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)勢(shì)升級(jí)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),消極情感則可通過(guò)緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)的模糊焦點(diǎn)或非緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)勢(shì)升級(jí)、表達(dá)認(rèn)知不確定來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。在表達(dá)消極情感時(shí),基于對(duì)言語(yǔ)交際情景及交際雙方的角色關(guān)系的評(píng)估,說(shuō)話者有時(shí)會(huì)有意地使用緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)去遮掩自己的消極情緒以有效地管理人際關(guān)系。(2)在正式交際中,非緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)可用于表示說(shuō)話者的不確定態(tài)度以保證所說(shuō)話語(yǔ)的真實(shí)性,緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)可減弱說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣,使表達(dá)更加得體。在非正式交際中,非緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)積極打開(kāi)對(duì)話空間,鼓勵(lì)不同聲音的參與,有利于擴(kuò)大說(shuō)話者的人際交往,緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)可用于緩和掩飾說(shuō)話者的消極語(yǔ)氣。在合作型活動(dòng)中,非緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)占主導(dǎo)地位,表現(xiàn)說(shuō)話者對(duì)所討論話題的不確定態(tài)度,以給聽(tīng)話者提供盡可能正確的信息,有助于聽(tīng)話者做出正確的判斷,促進(jìn)活動(dòng)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn),從而增進(jìn)團(tuán)結(jié)和諧。在沖突型活動(dòng)中,緩和型模糊限制語(yǔ)可以緩和說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)力或者使話語(yǔ)間接,在實(shí)現(xiàn)人際關(guān)系方面發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用。本文的主要觀點(diǎn)是:語(yǔ)言和社會(huì)相互構(gòu)建。交際中語(yǔ)言的選擇既反映靜態(tài)的社會(huì)范疇,又不同程度地含有說(shuō)話者的主觀能動(dòng)性。本研究將模糊限制語(yǔ)分為緩和型和非緩和型,提出了模糊限制語(yǔ)實(shí)現(xiàn)人際關(guān)系的分析模式,豐富了模糊限制語(yǔ)的理論研究,在運(yùn)用模糊限制語(yǔ)建構(gòu)和諧的人際關(guān)系方面也具有一定的積極意義。
[Abstract]:The fuzziness in the real material world and human cognition has given birth to the fuzzy attribute of natural language. As an important member of the fuzzy family, hedges generally exist in verbal communication and play different pragmatic functions than precise languages. The proper use of hedges can make the expression implicit and indirect, natural and appropriate, flexible and effective, thus better transmitting the thoughts and emotions of the speech subject, building harmonious interpersonal relationships and achieving the expected communicative goals. Since Lakoff, an American semantic scholar, first proposed the term "hedges" in 1972, the linguists have studied the term from the perspectives of semantics, pragmatics, discourse analysis and sociolinguistics. And has obtained the abundant research result. However, the functional study of hedges is relatively inadequate. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the hedges in interpersonal relationships within the framework of functional linguistics, and to explore how hedges can realize interpersonal relationships in speech activities. Based on context theory, harmonious management model and evaluation theory, this paper constructs an analytical framework of hedges in interpersonal relationships. This paper first gives the definition of hedges, and classifies them into detente and non-detente. Secondly, the flowchart of realizing interpersonal relationship with hedges is presented. The factors of "emotion" and "situation" in the flow chart are classified, and the deductive method is used to analyze the corpus from all levels of social life. The study found that in communicative activities, the positive feelings of the speaker can be realized through the escalation of the language potential of the non-detente hedges. Negative emotion can be realized by the fuzzy focus of moderated hedges or the escalation of the potential of non-detente hedges and the expression of cognitive uncertainty. When expressing negative emotions, the assessment is based on the situation of verbal communication and the role relationship between the two parties. The speaker sometimes deliberately uses moderated hedges to mask his negative emotions in order to manage interpersonal relationships effectively) in formal communication. Non-detente hedges can be used to express the uncertain attitude of the speaker in order to ensure the authenticity of the utterance. The moderated hedges can weaken the tone of the speaker and make the expression more appropriate. In informal communication, non-detente hedges actively open up the dialogue space and encourage the participation of different voices, which helps to expand the interpersonal communication of the speaker. The moderated hedges can be used to ease the negative tone of the speaker. In cooperative activities, non-detente hedges play a dominant role, showing the speaker's uncertain attitude towards the topic under discussion, in order to provide the hearer with as much correct information as possible, which is helpful for the hearer to make the correct judgment. To promote the achievement of the objectives of the activities, thereby enhancing unity and harmony. In conflict activities, moderating hedges can relieve the speaker's verbal power or indirectly, and play a key role in the realization of interpersonal relations. The main point of this paper is: language and society construct each other. The choice of language in communication reflects not only the static social category, but also the subjective initiative of the speaker. In this study, the hedges are divided into two types: mild and non-detente, and the analytical model of interpersonal relationship is proposed, which enriches the theoretical study of hedges. It is also of positive significance in the construction of harmonious interpersonal relations by using hedges.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H030

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