本文選題：情態(tài)副詞 + 語義功能�。� 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,運用功能語法理論,同時借鑒認(rèn)知語法理論、系統(tǒng)功能語法、語料庫語言學(xué)等理論方法,對揣測類情態(tài)副詞“也許”“大概”、強(qiáng)調(diào)類情態(tài)副詞“的確”“實在”、反詰類情態(tài)副詞“何必”“何苦”、“莫非”“難道”的主觀量、真值度、語義背景、句類選擇、語氣選擇、語用條件等方面做出力所能及的解釋。除引言和結(jié)論外,全文共四章。引言部分介紹了本文的選題意義、研究現(xiàn)狀、研究內(nèi)容、研究方法以及語料來源。第一章主要對揣測類情態(tài)副詞“也許”“大概”的主觀量和真值度進(jìn)行了描寫,以大量真實語料為基礎(chǔ),分析比較出二者在主觀量和真值度方面的差異。通過分析語料我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在出現(xiàn)“大概”一詞的句子中,“大概”的前后會出現(xiàn)表現(xiàn)客觀依據(jù)的句子,而出現(xiàn)“也許”的句子中,“也許”前后通常會出現(xiàn)心理動詞;“大概”的虛化程度不如“也許”徹底;“也許”跟第一人稱搭配的頻率高于“大概”,以上三點說明“大概”的主觀量低于“也許”�！按蟾拧彼硎镜慕Y(jié)果的真值度更趨向于真實情況,而“也許”所表示的結(jié)果沒有明顯的傾向性;從二者形成之初的組合方式來看,“大概”在語法化指出就已經(jīng)帶有傾向性,而“也許”則沒有;“也許”與“大概”相比更能夠體現(xiàn)說話人的委婉語氣;從二者的共現(xiàn)順序來看,“大概”放在“也許”之前可以加深句子的語氣和真值度,以上四點說明“大概”的真值度高于“也許”。第二章主要對強(qiáng)調(diào)類情態(tài)副詞“的確”“實在”的句法環(huán)境、語義背景和語氣進(jìn)行了描寫,以大量真實語料為基礎(chǔ),分析比較出二者在這三方面的差異。通過分析語料我們發(fā)現(xiàn),在句法環(huán)境上,“的確”可以單獨使用,在句中可以靈活位移,可以出現(xiàn)在是非問句中,而“實在”不可;二者都可以出現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)折復(fù)句中但在句中的位置不同。在語義背景上二者出現(xiàn)的語義背景并不完全相同,“的確”的語義結(jié)構(gòu)類型我們概括為五種:A1,的確B1;A1,的確B1,但是C1;A1,的確B1,的確C2;A2,的確B2;A1,的確B3。“實在”的語義結(jié)構(gòu)類型我們概括為三種:A1,實在B1;A2,可是/但是(轉(zhuǎn)折連詞)實在B2;A1,實在B1,所以(因果連詞)C1。在語氣上,“的確”側(cè)重于[確認(rèn)],“實在”側(cè)重于[強(qiáng)調(diào)],除此之外“的確”還可以表示委婉的語氣,“實在”還可以傳達(dá)表示退而求其次以及表示幾經(jīng)努力達(dá)到極點的語氣。第三章主要對反詰類情態(tài)副詞“何必”“何苦”的句法、語義、語用使用情況進(jìn)行了描寫,以大量真實語料為依據(jù),分析比較出二者在這三方面的差異。通過分析語料我們發(fā)現(xiàn),語義上,“何必”的語義特征為[+規(guī)勸][+譴責(zé)],“何苦”的語義特征為[+規(guī)勸][+同情][+不值得]。句法上,二者差異主要表現(xiàn)在與語氣詞和形式動詞的搭配上,”何必”可以跟形式動詞搭配,而”何苦”則不具備這種用法,究其原因,主要跟二者產(chǎn)生之初”何必”結(jié)構(gòu)中”必”的詞性以及搭配原則有關(guān),”必”的用法在”何必”凝固成詞之后遺留在整個詞的用法中;可以跟“何苦”搭配使用的語氣詞有呢、啊、吶、哩,一些語氣成分也可以與“何苦”搭配使用,如“來”及其變體,其中與“呢”搭配的頻率最高。這說明“何苦”的感情色彩更豐富;而”何必”只能跟“呢”搭配使用這說明“何必”感情色彩單一,語氣更為更生硬。造成這種情況的原因是因為二者移情值不同。語用上,二者都具有增強(qiáng)句子語氣的功能,主要體現(xiàn)在反詰語氣和委婉語氣上,其中,我們認(rèn)為反詰語氣和委婉語氣成負(fù)相關(guān),“何苦”的的委婉程度高于“何必”,“何必”的反詰程度高于“何苦”;在移情值高低上二者存在差異,”何苦”主觀移情值高于”何必”,這主要是從二者后面經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的語境來判定。第四章主要對反詰類情態(tài)副詞“莫非”“難道”的語用條件進(jìn)行了描寫,以大量真實語料為基礎(chǔ),分析比較出二者在語用條件上的差異。通過分析語料我們發(fā)現(xiàn),表反詰時,二者都會出現(xiàn)在前句有表情感詞匯、后句內(nèi)容不合理的句子中,但在標(biāo)志詞、答語、轉(zhuǎn)折句中以及與“不成”搭配方面存在差異;表揣測時,二者都會出現(xiàn)在前有心理活動詞匯、前句提出疑問、句子表述不完整等條件下,但是在前句表非正常狀態(tài)、前句提出依據(jù)等條件上存在差異。結(jié)語部分概括全文內(nèi)容并指出文章不足之處。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the existing research, this paper uses the theory of functional grammar and the theoretical methods of cognitive grammar, systemic functional grammar and corpus linguistics to speculate on the "perhaps" of the kind of modal adverbs, emphasizing the "true" of the modal adverb "why" "why" is "why" and "Mo Fei". The subjective quantity, the true value, the semantic background, the semantic background, the sentence class selection, the mood selection, the pragmatic conditions and so on. In addition to the introduction and the conclusion, the full text is four chapters. The introduction introduces the significance of the topic, the present situation, the research content, the research method and the source of the corpus. The subjective and true value of the word "perhaps" is described. Based on a large number of real corpus, the differences between the subjective and true values of the two are analyzed and compared. Through the analysis of the corpus, we find that in the sentence "about", "about", there will be an objective basis before and after the "approximate". In the "maybe" sentence, psychological verbs usually appear before and after "maybe"; "probably" is less than "perhaps" completely; "maybe" with the first person is higher than "probably", and the above three points indicate that the subjective amount of "probably" is lower than "maybe". "Probably" the true value of the result is more likely to be. In fact, the result of "perhaps" has no obvious tendency; from the combination of the first two forms of formation, "probably" in grammaticalization is already tendencies, and "maybe" is not; "maybe" is more capable of expressing the euphemism of the speaker than "probably"; from the concurrence order of the two. "Probably" can deepen the tone and true value of the sentence before "perhaps". The above four points show that the true value of "probably" is higher than "perhaps". The second chapter mainly describes the syntactic environment, semantic background and mood of the emphasis on the modal adverb "true" "real", and based on a large number of real corpus, analysis and comparison The difference between the two in these three aspects. Through the analysis of the corpus we find that in the syntactical environment, "indeed" can be used separately, in the sentence can be flexibly displaced, can appear in the non question, and "real" can not; the two can appear in the turning complex sentence but in the position of the difference in the semantic background of the two meaning of the semantic. The background is not exactly the same, and the semantic structure type of "true" is summed up as five kinds: A1, indeed B1; A1, indeed B1, but C1; A1, B1, indeed C2; A2, B2; A1, indeed, we generalize three kinds of semantic structure; In tone, "indeed" focuses on [confirmation], and "reality" focuses on [emphasis]. In addition, "indeed" can also express euphemism, and "reality" can also convey the tone of the second and the effort to reach the extreme. The third chapter is mainly the syntactic of "why" "why" "why" On the basis of a large number of real corpus, the author analyzes and compares the differences between the two in these three aspects. Through the analysis of the corpus, we find that the semantic features of "he must" are "+ exhortation] [+ condemnation], and the semantic feature of" why "is [+ exhortation] [+ sympathy] [+ unworthy]. The main difference between the two forms is syntactically. Now with the modal verb and the form verb collocation, "he must" can be collocated with the form verb, but "Ho Chi" does not have this use. The reason is mainly related to the "must" in the structure of "he must" in the beginning of the two, and the principle of collocation. In the use of the use of the word, can be used with "how bitter" to use the mood words, ah, Na, Li, some mood components can also be used with "how bitter", such as "come" and its variant, which is the highest frequency of collocation with "Ho". The cause of this situation is because the two people have different empathy values. Pragmatically, the two all have the function of enhancing the sentence tone, which are mainly reflected in the rhetorical mood and euphemistic mood, and we think that the rhetorical and euphemistic mood are negatively related, and the euphemism of "why" is "why" The degree of "why" is higher than "why" is higher than "why"; there are two differences in the level of empathy, and the subjective empathy value of "he bitter" is higher than "why", which is mainly determined by the context that often appears behind the two parties. The fourth chapter mainly describes the pragmatic conditions of the "Mo" "Mo" "Mo" "" On the basis of a large number of authentic materials, the differences between the two are analyzed and compared. Through the analysis of the corpus, we find that the two will appear in the previous sentence with an emotional vocabulary, and the latter is not reasonable in the content, but there are differences in the sign words, the answers, the turning sentences and the "no" collocation. At the time, the two will appear in the previous psychological activity vocabulary, the former sentence questions, the sentence is incomplete and other conditions, but the former sentence is not normal state, the former sentence is based on the conditions of the difference. Conclusion part summarizes the full text and points out the shortcomings of the article.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.3;H136

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