本文選題：靜態(tài)存在 + 構(gòu)式��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：靜態(tài)存在句是指空間內(nèi)以靜止的狀態(tài)(方式)存在某人(物)的一類句式。文章選取中段是“V著”或“V了”的靜態(tài)存在句為研究對象,即“方位短語+V著/了+名詞性成分”形式的靜態(tài)存在句。在現(xiàn)代漢語里,“著”和“了”被視為兩個典型的體標記。動詞后的助詞“著”、“了”在不同的句法條件下,表現(xiàn)出不同的體意義,動詞后“著”是一種典型的進行體或持續(xù)體標志,而“了”則為完成體的標志。既然“著”和“了”分別表達了不同的體意義,那么理論上兩者在句中也應(yīng)表達不同的句義,但在一些句子中兩者的這種差別卻似乎消失了。例如:“桌上放著一本書�！焙汀白郎戏帕艘槐緯��！本淞x基本一致,句中的助詞“著”和“了”都表狀態(tài)的持續(xù),差別不大。本文嘗試從以下幾個方面對這一現(xiàn)象進行研究:1)從共時的角度出發(fā),考察了靜態(tài)“V著”、“V了”存在句中動詞后助詞“著”和“了”語法意義的相通之處——表示“狀態(tài)的持續(xù)”;2)從歷時的角度出發(fā),探究助詞“著”、“了”的歷史用法,為解釋表靜態(tài)存在的“V著”、“V了”在共時層面所體現(xiàn)出的相似性和兩者能夠互換找到歷史依據(jù);3)以《漢語動詞用法詞典》為依據(jù),對詞典中所標注的能夠進入存現(xiàn)句的282個動詞,通過使用語料庫、網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索工具進行逐一考察動詞能否同時后接助詞“著”和“了”,對比分析助詞“著”和“了”互換后句義是否發(fā)生改變,最終得出共有166個動詞能夠同時進入靜態(tài)“V著”、“V了”存在句,且句中助詞“著”、“了”互換后使前后句義基本一致,并對這166個動詞進行了語義特征分析;4)運用構(gòu)式和意象圖式等認知理論對靜態(tài)“V著”、“V了”存在句中助詞“著”、“了”互換現(xiàn)象的合理性進行解釋;5)對比靜態(tài)“V著”存在句和靜態(tài)“V了”存在句,找出使用差距,并分析靜態(tài)“V著”、“V了”存在句中助詞“著”、“了”可以互換的限定條件,還與動態(tài)“V著”、“V了”存在句進行了對比分析,以期更好理解靜態(tài)“V著”、“V了”存在句;6)從類型學(xué)的視角出發(fā),分析了在一些方言中存在的用同一形式兼表持續(xù)和完成等語法意義的現(xiàn)象,并選取了一些代表性方言中的表現(xiàn)形式來證明表靜態(tài)存在的“V著”、“V了”能夠互換的合理性以及其所具有的類型學(xué)上的普遍性。
[Abstract]:Static existential sentence is a kind of sentence structure in which a person (thing) exists in a static state in space. This paper chooses the static existential sentence in the middle of which is "V Zhe" or "V Zhe" as the object of study, that is, the static existential sentence in the form of "azimuth phrase V" / "noun component". In modern Chinese, "Zhe" and "Xue" are regarded as two typical aspect markers. Under different syntactic conditions, the auxiliary words "Ze" and "Zhi" after a verb show different aspect meanings. "Zhe" after a verb is a typical sign of progressive aspect or continuous aspect, while "already" is a sign of perfect aspect. Since "Zhe" and "Xue" respectively express different aspect meanings, in theory they should also express different meanings in sentences, but in some sentences the difference between them seems to have disappeared. There is a book on the table. And "A book on the table." The meaning of the sentence is basically consistent, and the auxiliary words "Ze" and "Hu" in the sentence are not different from each other. This paper attempts to study this phenomenon from the following aspects: 1) from a synchronic point of view, we investigate the static "V". From the diachronic point of view, this paper probes into the historical usage of the auxiliary words "Zhe" and "Shi" in the existential sentence of "V", in which the grammatical meaning of "Zhe" and "Shi" is similar to that of "the continuity of state" from a diachronic point of view. In order to explain the static existence of "V Zhe" in the table, the similarity of "V" in the synchronic level and the fact that the two can interchangeably find the historical basis are based on the Dictionary of Chinese verb usage. With regard to 282 verbs marked in the dictionary that can enter the existential sentences, the use of a corpus and a web search tool are used to examine whether the verbs can be followed by the auxiliary words "Ze" and "Ze" at the same time. By contrastive analysis of whether the meaning of the auxiliary words "Zuo" and "Xue" changed, it was concluded that a total of 166 verbs could enter the static "V", "V" existential sentences at the same time, and the auxiliary words "Zhe" in the sentence. The semantic characteristics of the 166 verbs are analyzed. (4) the static "V Zhe" and "V" in the existential sentence are analyzed by using the cognitive theories such as construction and image schema, and the auxiliary word "Zhe" in the existential sentence, "V" and "V" in the existential sentence. The rationality of the exchange phenomenon is explained by 5) contrasting the static "V Zhe" existential sentence with the static "V" existential sentence, finding out the use gap, and analyzing the static "V Zhe", "V Zhe" in the existential sentence, and the auxiliary word "Zhe" in the "V" existential sentence. In order to better understand the static "V Zhe" and "V" existential sentence, "V Zhe" and "V" existential sentence are compared with the dynamic "V Zhe" and "V" existential sentence (6) from the perspective of typology. This paper analyzes the grammatical meaning of the same form and the persistence and completion in some dialects, and selects the expressions in some representative dialects to prove the static existence of "V zhe". The rationality of "V" interchangeability and its typological universality.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.3

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 曹爽;;“V著”“V了”靜態(tài)存在句的語境差異及體貌地位[J];中南大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2013年04期

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本文編號：1927450