本文選題：英語(yǔ) + 漢語(yǔ)　； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：委婉語(yǔ)普遍存在于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中。但是由于中英文化差異,其表達(dá)方式有很大差別。如果在交際中不注意委婉語(yǔ)的使用場(chǎng)合,跨文化交際中極易引起誤解。縱觀前人對(duì)委婉語(yǔ)的研究,本論文作者發(fā)現(xiàn)前人關(guān)于英漢生理現(xiàn)象委婉語(yǔ)的對(duì)比,主要側(cè)重其構(gòu)成方式、文化內(nèi)涵,而對(duì)委婉語(yǔ)的等級(jí)劃分及語(yǔ)義缺位方面研究較少。本文主要從委婉語(yǔ)的等級(jí)劃分及語(yǔ)義缺位方面研究英漢生理現(xiàn)象委婉語(yǔ)。一般而言,生理委婉語(yǔ)包括生、老、病、死、性、排泄等方面。本論文主要對(duì)其中的排泄類和死亡類進(jìn)行了研究,研究主要從這兩類委婉語(yǔ)的等級(jí)劃分及語(yǔ)義缺位方面。研究語(yǔ)料取自張拱貴教入手授的《漢語(yǔ)委婉語(yǔ)詞典》和劉純豹教授的《英語(yǔ)委婉語(yǔ)詞典》。本研究以語(yǔ)言與文化的關(guān)系以及語(yǔ)用學(xué)中的禮貌原則,委婉語(yǔ)的委婉等級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為理論基礎(chǔ),借鑒前人的研究成果,根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的情感態(tài)度、聽(tīng)話人的愉悅度、雙方之間的關(guān)系或者與所指稱事物之間的關(guān)系、適用場(chǎng)合以及語(yǔ)用效果的差異,劃分了排泄類和死亡類委婉語(yǔ)的委婉等級(jí)(高級(jí)、中級(jí)和低級(jí))。采用對(duì)比研究方法和定性定量分析法,通過(guò)對(duì)比分析,研究英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中排泄類和死亡類委婉語(yǔ)是否存在英漢語(yǔ)義缺位以及委婉等級(jí)缺位現(xiàn)象。通過(guò)定性研究確定英漢排泄類和死亡類委婉語(yǔ)的分類,通過(guò)定量研究確定它們的異同之處,并探究產(chǎn)生差異的原因。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),英漢排泄類委婉語(yǔ)不存在語(yǔ)義缺位現(xiàn)象。但在委婉等級(jí)上,二者既有相同,也有差異。論文作者從宗教文化、廁所文化、價(jià)值觀等三個(gè)方面討論了相同與差異背后的原因。而英漢死亡類委婉語(yǔ),不論在語(yǔ)義缺位方面,還是在委婉語(yǔ)委婉等級(jí)方面,均存在很大差異。研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著全球化的深入,各國(guó)間文化交流及文化借鑒的增加,英漢委婉語(yǔ)也處于不斷發(fā)展變化和發(fā)展中。例如,在當(dāng)代社會(huì),英語(yǔ)中排泄類和死亡類委婉語(yǔ)受宗教的影響越來(lái)越小。通過(guò)對(duì)這個(gè)選題的研究,論文作者加深了對(duì)語(yǔ)言與文化關(guān)系理論的理解。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于更好的理解禮貌原則,并對(duì)跨文化交際具有一定的理論指導(dǎo)意義和借鑒價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Euphemism commonly exists in English and Chinese. However, due to the cultural differences between China and the United Kingdom, its expression is very different. If we do not pay attention to the use of euphemism in communication, cross-cultural communication is easy to cause misunderstanding. Looking at the previous researches on euphemism, the author finds that the previous studies on euphemism in English and Chinese are mainly focused on its structure and cultural connotation, but less on the classification of euphemism and semantic absence. This paper mainly studies English and Chinese physiological phenomenon euphemisms from the aspects of classification of euphemism and semantic absence. Generally speaking, physiological euphemisms include birth, old age, illness, death, sex, excretion and so on. In this paper, the excretion class and death class are studied, mainly from the classification of the two types of euphemism and semantic absence. The data are taken from the Chinese euphemism Dictionary and Professor Liu Junbao's English euphemism Dictionary. On the basis of the relationship between language and culture, the politeness principle in pragmatics, the euphemism grade standard of euphemism, the author draws lessons from the previous research results, according to the speaker's emotional attitude, the hearer's pleasure degree. The relationship between the two parties or the relationship between the two parties and the relation between the alleged things, the applicable situation and the differences in pragmatic effects, the euphemism grades of excretion type and death category are divided into three categories: advanced, intermediate and low-level. By means of contrastive study and qualitative and quantitative analysis, this paper studies whether there exists semantic vacancy and euphemism hierarchy vacancy in English and Chinese excrete class euphemism and death class euphemism in English and Chinese. Through qualitative research, the author determines the classification of euphemisms of excretion class and death category in English and Chinese, determines their similarities and differences through quantitative research, and probes into the causes of the differences. It is found that there is no semantic absence in English and Chinese excretory euphemism. However, in the euphemism level, the two are both the same and different. The author discusses the reasons behind the differences in religious culture, toilet culture and values. However, death euphemism in English and Chinese is different in terms of semantic absence and euphemism level. The study also finds that with the deepening of globalization and the increase of cultural exchanges and cultural reference between countries, English and Chinese euphemism is also in the process of continuous development and development. For example, in contemporary society, euphemisms such as excretion and death are less and less influenced by religion. Through the study of this topic, the author has deepened the understanding of the theory of the relationship between language and culture. The findings are helpful to better understand the politeness principle and have certain theoretical significance and reference value for cross-cultural communication.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H136;H313

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