本文選題：成語 + 空間量��； 參考：《長江大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：漢語中的空間量是一種重要的量范疇。成語中的空間量的類型可分為空間大量、空間小量以及空間比較量�？臻g比較量就是空間大量和空間小量的比較,空間比較量又分為橫向比較和縱向比較兩種子類型。每一種類型的空間量又可以分為主觀和客觀空間量、顯性和隱性空間量、具體(實)和抽象(虛)空間量、明確和模糊空間量等類型。主觀空間量是從說話人或者評價人的主觀角度出發(fā)的空間量,客觀空間量是從邏輯的角度出發(fā)的,即實打?qū)嵉牧?不存在任何的主觀色彩。顯性空間量從成語的字面就可以看出此量,隱性空間量是隱藏在成語釋義的量,從成語表面不能看出。具體空間量是可知可感的量,而抽象空間量是具體空間量隱喻得出的。明確空間量是說成語中有具體的表達量的數(shù)詞,表達模糊空間量的成語中沒有明確的數(shù)詞,其中的量我們只知大概,不知具體數(shù)量。成語中的空間量與其它幾種量范疇都可以發(fā)生聯(lián)系。因為空間量是其它幾種量范疇的基礎,或者可以說是其它幾種量存在的根基。其它幾種量范疇包括物量、動量、時間量和性狀程度量。這種關系包括空間大量與其它大量的關系,空間大量與其它小量的關系,空間小量與其它小量的關系,空間小量與空間大量的關系。“餓殍遍野”就是大物量與空間大量配伍的。其中時間量與空間量的關系是最能佐證關系的親密度的,因為時間與空間共同構成了宇宙。所有的量都是以時間量和空間量為基礎的。成語中的空間量具有語法、語義、認知方面三方面的作用。語法作用主要是指表達空間量的詞語或語素(量素)在語法結構中的位置(充當何種句法成分)以及成語的結構類型;語義作用包括積極作用與負面作用或弊端。不管是大量、小量還是大量變小量、小量變大量,都是具有積極作用和負面作用的,而且有的成語中的空間量作用是循序漸進的;認知作用主要表現(xiàn)為在隱喻的作用下,具體的空間量可以投射到抽象的空間量;“空間隱喻”對于其他抽象的量范疇的表達具有重要作用。成語中的空間量具有這樣幾個特點:一是,有靜有動、動靜結合——成語空間量中的動態(tài),是指(事情)變化發(fā)展的情況。我們也可以把動態(tài)空間量通俗的理解為“動作量”。成語空間量的靜態(tài)可以簡單地理解為停止不動,不動的狀態(tài)下就稱為靜態(tài)。除此之外,我們可以加上哲學上相對靜止的觀點——某一事物在其發(fā)展的某一階段或某一時期,其性質(zhì)沒有發(fā)生變化。二是,借助反義詞或近義詞表達空間量——成語中的反義詞可以表達成語中主客體之間的差距大也可以表達二者所構成的范圍廣,即表達的是空間大量;成語中的近義詞既可以表達空間大量也可以表達空間小量,表達大量的近義詞連用可以起到強調(diào)空間大量的作用,比如博大精深,表達小量的近義詞連用可以起到強調(diào)空間銷量的作用,比如低聲細語。三是,橫向空間量與縱向空間量并存——一條成語中存在橫向空間量和縱向空間量,表示空間量的交縱,因為橫縱空間量的交織構成了空間大量,所以也可以理解為空間大量,比如博大精深。表達成語空間量的手段有語法手段和修辭手段。語法手段包括詞類、語法格式和重疊。詞類有數(shù)詞、量詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞等。語法格式有一+動量+VP,該格式表達的是在極短的時間內(nèi)完成了空間大量的任務,比如一飛沖天。重疊包括名詞重疊和形容詞重疊。重疊一般表達空間大量,所以不管是名詞重疊還是形容詞重疊表達的都是空間大量。
[Abstract]:The space quantity in Chinese is an important quantity category. The type of space in the idiom can be divided into space mass, space small quantity and space comparison. The space comparison is the comparison of space and space, and the space comparison is divided into two subtypes: horizontal comparison and longitudinal comparison. The quantity of subjective and objective space, the amount of explicit and recessive space, the volume of concrete (real) and abstract (virtual) space, clear and fuzzy space quantity. The subjective space quantity is the volume of space from the subjective angle of the speaker or the evaluator, the objective space is from the logical point of view, that is, the actual quantity, and there is no subjective color. The amount of explicit space can be seen from the literal of the idiom. The amount of the implicit space is hidden in the meaning of the idiom, which can not be seen on the surface of the idiom. The volume of space is a sensible quantity, and the quantity of the abstract space is derived from the specific space quantity metaphor. There is no definite numerals in the quantity of idioms. We know only about the quantity, but we do not know the specific quantity. The quantity of space in the idiom can be connected with several other categories, because the quantity of space is the basis of several other quantitative categories, or it can be said to be the root of the existence of several other quantities. The relationship between quantity and character degree, such as the relationship between space and other large quantities, the relationship between space and other small quantities, the relationship between space and other small quantities, the relationship between small space and other small quantities, the large quantity of space and space. "Starvation" is the large quantity and space compatibility. The relationship between the amount of time and the space is the most evidence The degree of intimacy of relation, because time and space constitute the universe together. All quantities are based on the amount of time and space. The volume of space in idioms has three aspects of grammatical, semantic and cognitive aspects. The function of grammar mainly refers to the position of words or morphemes expressing space in the grammatical structure. Syntactic components) and the structural types of idioms; semantic functions include positive and negative effects or disadvantages. Whether large quantities, small quantities or large quantities, small quantities and large quantities, are both positive and negative, and the function of space quantity in some idioms is gradual; cognitive function is mainly manifested in the metaphorical work. In use, the specific space quantity can be projected to the abstract space quantity; "space metaphor" plays an important role in the expression of other abstract quantity categories. The space quantity in the idiom has such characteristics: one is the static, dynamic, and static combination - the dynamic state in the volume of idioms. The static view of the quantity of dynamic space is understood as "the quantity of action". The static state of the volume of the idiom can be simply understood as a stop, and the state of immobility is called static state. In addition, we can add a relatively static point of view in Philosophy - a thing has no change in its nature in a certain stage of its development or in a certain period. The two is, by using antonyms or synonyms to express the space quantity - the antonyms in the idioms can express the gap between the main and the object in the idioms and the wide range of the two, that is, the expression is a large number of space, and the synonyms in the idioms can express a large number of space and express a large number of synonyms. It can play a great role in emphasizing space, such as extensive and profound, and a small amount of synonyms which can play the role of emphasizing space sales, such as low voice. Three, horizontal space and vertical space coexist - the volume of horizontal space and longitudinal space in a idiom, the intersection of space volume, because of horizontal and vertical space. Interweaving of interlacing forms a large amount of space, so it can also be understood as a large number of spaces, such as extensive and profound. The means of expressing the volume of idioms include grammatical and rhetorical means. Grammatical means include word classes, grammatical forms and overlaps. Word classes have numerals, quantifiers, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, etc. the grammatical format has a + momentum +VP, which is expressed in this format. In a very short period of time, a large number of tasks have been completed, such as flying. Overlap includes the overlap of nouns and adjectives. The overlap generally expresses a large amount of space, so no matter whether it is a noun overlap or an adjective expression, there is a large amount of space.

【學位授予單位】：長江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146

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