本文選題：沖突話語(yǔ) + 會(huì)話分析��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：沖突話語(yǔ)是常見(jiàn)的生活現(xiàn)象。人們交流越發(fā)緊密,交流中潛在的沖突也越發(fā)明顯。話語(yǔ)沖突已引發(fā)不少學(xué)者關(guān)注,研究遍布各種語(yǔ)境,日常話語(yǔ)沖突和機(jī)構(gòu)性、半機(jī)構(gòu)性話語(yǔ)沖突研究都取得不小成就。醫(yī)患話語(yǔ)沖突屬于機(jī)構(gòu)性話語(yǔ)沖突。近年來(lái),醫(yī)患沖突日益嚴(yán)峻,基于醫(yī)患交流模式的研究碩果累累。但由于醫(yī)患沖突的發(fā)生展開(kāi)十分迅速并具有私隱性,難以記錄,因此專注于醫(yī)患沖突話語(yǔ)的研究仍然不足。本文著手于醫(yī)患話語(yǔ)沖突的結(jié)構(gòu)分析,研究醫(yī)患話語(yǔ)沖突怎樣開(kāi)始、進(jìn)行和結(jié)束,如何爭(zhēng)奪、控制和放棄話輪。探討醫(yī)患在言語(yǔ)沖突過(guò)程中所采用的規(guī)則和會(huì)話管理技巧,試圖更好地了解醫(yī)患話語(yǔ)沖突。本文以會(huì)話分析為理論框架,對(duì)醫(yī)患話語(yǔ)沖突進(jìn)行了實(shí)證性研究,對(duì)5部醫(yī)療電視劇中的醫(yī)患話語(yǔ)沖突部分進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)寫(xiě)。語(yǔ)料共計(jì)23033字,含118段醫(yī)患沖突會(huì)話片段。本文運(yùn)用了定量分析法和定性分析法來(lái)分析醫(yī)患雙方在沖突各環(huán)節(jié)所占比列和對(duì)會(huì)話管理策略的偏好。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),醫(yī)患沖突話語(yǔ)的整體結(jié)構(gòu)可分為3個(gè)部分:起始、對(duì)抗和結(jié)束。沖突的起始部分尤為重要。一段沖突是否能達(dá)成是由沖突的起始部分決定的。醫(yī)患沖突的起始部分包含三種結(jié)構(gòu):表態(tài)vs否定表態(tài),指令vs拒絕,疑問(wèn)vs反對(duì)。作為機(jī)構(gòu)性會(huì)話中弱勢(shì)的一方,患者更容易成為沖突的發(fā)起者。沖突的對(duì)抗部分始于第三個(gè)話輪,一直持續(xù)到?jīng)_突結(jié)束之前。醫(yī)患沖突話語(yǔ)的對(duì)抗形式復(fù)雜,持續(xù)多個(gè)話輪。沖突過(guò)程的結(jié)構(gòu)主要有直接否定,反問(wèn),重復(fù)和打斷四種模式,各種模式有其變體。話輪爭(zhēng)奪在沖突過(guò)程中尤為激烈。通常而言,醫(yī)患交流中,由于雙方的權(quán)勢(shì)不等,醫(yī)生打斷病人話語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)象要遠(yuǎn)高于病人打斷醫(yī)生話語(yǔ)。但在沖突話語(yǔ)中,病人打斷醫(yī)生的次數(shù)更多。結(jié)束沖突表示當(dāng)前的沖突無(wú)法繼續(xù),沖突并不一定得到解決,只是暫時(shí)放下。醫(yī)患沖突的結(jié)束主要有四種模式:雙方和解,一方妥協(xié),一方戰(zhàn)勝和沖突未解決。各有其變體。而相較而言,出于職業(yè)要求,為了保持自己的社會(huì)地位和沖突擴(kuò)大,醫(yī)生更樂(lè)于發(fā)出結(jié)束沖突的信號(hào)。在沖突超出控制的時(shí)候,醫(yī)生多選擇離開(kāi)沖突地點(diǎn),以此中斷沖突。本文運(yùn)用會(huì)話分析理論,試圖豐富醫(yī)患沖突性話語(yǔ)的研究。由于醫(yī)患會(huì)話屬于機(jī)構(gòu)性話語(yǔ),本文也可給其它機(jī)構(gòu)性話語(yǔ)提供研究參考。對(duì)醫(yī)患話語(yǔ)沖突的了解有助于減少現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的醫(yī)患沖突。
[Abstract]:Conflict discourse is a common phenomenon in life. People communicate more closely, and the potential conflicts in communication become more obvious. Discourse conflict has attracted the attention of many scholars and has made great achievements in the study of everyday discourse conflict, institutional conflict and semi-institutional discourse conflict. Doctor-patient discourse conflict belongs to institutional discourse conflict. In recent years, the conflicts between doctors and patients are becoming more and more serious, and the research based on the mode of communication between doctors and patients has been fruitful. However, due to the rapid development of doctor-patient conflict and its privacy, it is difficult to record, so the research on the discourse of doctor-patient conflict is still insufficient. This paper begins with the structural analysis of the doctor-patient discourse conflict, and studies how to start, carry out and end the doctor-patient discourse conflict, and how to compete, control and give up the turn of discourse. This paper probes into the rules and conversational management skills adopted by doctors and patients in the process of speech conflict in order to better understand the conflict between doctors and patients. Based on the theoretical framework of conversational analysis, this paper makes an empirical study on the doctor-patient discourse conflict, and rewrites the doctor-patient discourse conflict part of five medical TV dramas. The corpus consists of 23033 words, including 118 segments of doctor-patient conflict conversation. In this paper, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis are used to analyze the proportion of doctors and patients in each link of the conflict and their preference for conversation management strategies. The study found that the overall structure of the doctor-patient conflict discourse can be divided into three parts: beginning, confrontation and ending. The beginning of the conflict is particularly important. Whether a conflict can be achieved or not is determined by the initial part of the conflict. The beginning of a doctor-patient conflict consists of three structures: declaration versus negation, command vs rejection, doubt versus opposition. As a weak party in institutional conversation, the patient is more likely to be the initiator of the conflict. The confrontation part of the conflict begins in the third turn and continues until the end of the conflict. The conflict between doctors and patients is complicated in form of confrontation, and lasts many rounds. There are four modes of conflict process: direct negation, counterquestion, repetition and interruption. The fight for turn of words is particularly fierce in the course of the conflict. In general, doctors interrupt patients more frequently than patients in doctor-patient communication because of the unequal power between the two sides. But in conflict discourse, patients interrupt doctors more often. Ending the conflict means that the current conflict cannot continue, that the conflict is not necessarily resolved, but that it is simply put aside for the time being. There are four modes to end the doctor-patient conflict: reconciliation, compromise, victory and unresolved conflict. Each has its variants. Doctors, by contrast, are more willing to signal an end to conflict in order to maintain their social status and expand their conflicts for professional reasons. When the conflict is out of control, doctors often choose to leave the conflict site to break the conflict. This paper tries to enrich the study of doctor-patient conflict discourse by using conversational analysis theory. Because doctor-patient conversation belongs to institutional discourse, this paper can also provide reference for other institutional discourse. Understanding the conflicts between doctors and patients helps to reduce the conflicts between doctors and patients in real life.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H136

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