本文選題：博山方言 + 聲調(diào)�。� 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：博山位于山東省淄博市中南部,屬北方官話區(qū)。本文采用實驗語音學(xué)的方法分男聲女聲對博山方言的單字調(diào)、兩字組連讀變調(diào)和三字組連讀變調(diào)進行了詳細(xì)的研究。本文主要采用Praat語音分析軟件進行聲學(xué)分析,用Praat腳本和Excel軟件提取和處理數(shù)據(jù),運用T值法歸一數(shù)據(jù),得到博山方言的五度值。首先,關(guān)于博山方言中的單字調(diào),我們得出的實驗結(jié)論主要有:(1)博山方言單字調(diào)格局與傳統(tǒng)研究略有出入,上聲由原來的高平調(diào)55變?yōu)槁陨?5或者保持原來的調(diào)值;去聲由原來的31變?yōu)楦呓嫡{(diào)51,覆蓋整個調(diào)域;陰平調(diào)基本沒有變化,仍保持曲折的調(diào)型,調(diào)值變?yōu)?12或者323。(2)男女聲在調(diào)域上存在明顯差異,女聲的調(diào)域比男聲高且寬。(3)單字調(diào)的時長模式為:陰平上聲去聲。其次,通過對博山方言兩字組連讀變調(diào)的實驗分析,我們發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)博山方言的兩字組有兩種變調(diào)情況,分別是陰平在另一陰平和去聲前變?yōu)樯下?上聲在另一上聲前變?yōu)橐粋�新的降調(diào),調(diào)值為53。(2)就時長而言,高降調(diào)和曲折調(diào)組合時長最長,即"去聲+陰平"時長最長;兩個降調(diào)連讀時,時長最短,即"去聲+去聲"時長最短。(3)在兩字組中,博山方言的最右調(diào)不變,且變調(diào)結(jié)果與語法、形態(tài)無關(guān)。(4)男女聲的調(diào)域要比單字組時的調(diào)域?qū)?跨度大。最后,博山方言三字組連讀變調(diào)的實驗結(jié)果表明:(1)在27種三音詞的組合中,變調(diào)情況可以歸納為23種,7種基本不變,因此,總共有16種變調(diào)情況;變調(diào)后會產(chǎn)生新的調(diào)值53,31。(2)一些新的變調(diào)現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生。在另一陰平或者去聲前的陰平會變?yōu)榻嫡{(diào),調(diào)值為53或31;兩個上聲相連時,前一個上聲可能會出現(xiàn)31降調(diào)或變?yōu)殛幤降囊环N形式,調(diào)值為414;在"上聲+去聲+任意聲調(diào)"的組合中,在陰平或去聲前面的去聲會變?yōu)樯下?調(diào)值為44或55。(3)"陰平+陰平+陰平"是唯一的一組表現(xiàn)出方向性變調(diào)的組合,變調(diào)方向為右向變調(diào)。(4)同兩字組變調(diào)一樣,在三音詞組合中,博山方言的最右調(diào)不變,且變調(diào)結(jié)果與語法、形態(tài)無關(guān)。(5)男女聲的調(diào)域要比單字組和兩字組時的調(diào)域?qū)?跨度大。
[Abstract]:Boshan is located in the south-central Zibo City, Shandong Province, a northern Mandarin area. In this paper, the experimental phonetics is used to study in detail the single tone of Boshan dialect, the tone of two characters and the tone of three characters. This paper mainly uses Praat speech analysis software for acoustic analysis, using Praat script and Excel software to extract and process data, using T-value method to normalize the data, and get the fifth degree value of Boshan dialect. First of all, about the single word tone in Boshan dialect, the main experimental conclusions are: 1) the pattern of single character tone in Boshan dialect is slightly different from the traditional research, the tone of the top tone has changed from the original high level to the 45 or keep the original value; De-tone changed from 31 to 51, covering the whole tone domain, while the level of Yin remained basically unchanged, and the modulation value changed to 412 or 323.02) there was a significant difference between male and female in the modulation domain. The tone range of female voice is higher and wider than male voice. Secondly, through the experimental analysis of the successive tone changes in the two character groups of the Boshan dialect, we find that there are two variations in the two character groups of the Bushan dialect, one is that Yin Ping changes into the upper voice before the other Yin and the other goes off. In terms of length of time, the combination of high tone and zigzag tone is the longest, that is, the longest period of time, that is, "de-tone," and the shortest time is when two downtones are read together. That is to say, the shortest duration of "de-tone" is. 3) in the two-word group, the right-most tone of Boshan dialect is invariant, and the result of tone modification is not related to grammar, and the shape is independent. 4) the range of tone of male and female voice is wider and larger than that of single word group. Finally, the experimental results show that in the combination of 27 kinds of three syllable words, the change of tone can be summed up into 23 kinds and 7 kinds basically unchanged, therefore, there are 16 kinds of tone changes. After the change of tone, there will be a new modulation value of 53 / 31. 2) some new tone changes will occur. When the other shade is flat or before the sound is removed, the shade will become a downtone, with a modulation value of 53 or 31; when the two voices are connected, the former voice may appear a form of 31 tones or become flat. The tone value is 414; in the combination of "dissonant at any tone", the dissonant in front of the flat or dissonant will change to the upper voice, with a tuning value of 44 or 55.30.) "Yin, Ping, Yin, Ping" is the only group of combinations that show a directional change of tone, In the combination of three syllable words, the right-most tone of Boshan dialect is invariant, and the result of the change is not related to grammar, and the shape is not related to form.) the range of tone of male and female voice is wider than that of single character group and two-character group, and the span is larger than that of single character group and two-character group.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H172.1

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