本文選題：“不”與“沒(有)”　切入點(diǎn)：語義偏誤　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代漢語的學(xué)習(xí),離不開否定詞的使用,但是否定詞的學(xué)習(xí)卻是教學(xué)中的一個(gè)重難點(diǎn),對于中國本土化學(xué)生來說,否定詞的使用尚且是一個(gè)重難點(diǎn),對于漢語第二母語習(xí)得者漢語否定詞的學(xué)習(xí)與運(yùn)用更加是難點(diǎn)。本文筆者分析了否定詞“不”和否定動(dòng)詞“沒(有)”的使用情形,著重分析這兩個(gè)否定詞的不同用法,從否定詞“不”、否定動(dòng)詞“沒(有)”加上形容詞、動(dòng)詞、能愿動(dòng)詞、心理動(dòng)詞這幾種語法構(gòu)成來分析,以期解決塔吉克斯坦留學(xué)生以及中亞留學(xué)生習(xí)得漢語否定詞的一個(gè)大的難題。在理論上分析完否定詞“不”和否定動(dòng)詞“沒(有)”的各種語法構(gòu)成后,筆者緊接著分析了塔語中的否定詞“на”、“нест”和漢語中的否定詞“不”、否定動(dòng)詞“沒(有)”的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別,以期找到塔語與漢語使用情形的異同點(diǎn),找到兩種語言學(xué)習(xí)的規(guī)律,以便今后學(xué)者研究塔語與漢語。并且針對現(xiàn)今塔吉克斯坦來華留學(xué)的學(xué)生在中國學(xué)習(xí)漢語中出現(xiàn)的“語義偏誤”、“搭配偏誤”、“語序偏誤”等偏誤,通過調(diào)查分析找到出現(xiàn)這些偏誤的原因,以期解決這些偏誤,并對癥下藥找到解決這些偏誤的相應(yīng)對策,即:列出各類否定結(jié)構(gòu)的限定條件、合理利用語塊進(jìn)行教學(xué)、注重利用否定結(jié)構(gòu)中的標(biāo)志性特征、將否定詞“不”、否定動(dòng)詞“沒”的教學(xué)與助詞“了”的教學(xué)相結(jié)合等等解決方案。
[Abstract]:The study of modern Chinese is inseparable from the use of negative words, but the learning of negative words is a heavy and difficult point in teaching. For Chinese native students, the use of negative words is still a heavy difficulty. It is more difficult for the second mother tongue learner to learn and use the negative words. This paper analyzes the use of the negative words "no" and the negative verb "no (you)", and analyzes the different usage of the two negative words. From the negative word "no", the negative verb "not (have)" plus adjectives, verbs, willing verbs, psychological verbs these several grammatical components to analyze, In order to solve a big problem in the acquisition of Chinese negative words by the students of Tajikistan and Central Asia. After theoretically analyzing the grammatical structure of the negative word "no" and the negative verb "no (you)", Then, the author analyzes the relations and differences between the negative words in the Tagata language, the negative words, the negative words, the negative words, the negative verbs, the negative verbs, and the negative verbs, in order to find the similarities and differences between the use of the Tagata language and the Chinese language, and to find out the rules of learning the two languages. In order for scholars to study Tagata and Chinese in the future. And aiming at the errors of "semantic errors", "collocation errors", "word order errors" and other errors that occur in the study of Chinese in China by students studying in Tajikistan today, Through investigation and analysis to find out the causes of these errors, in order to solve these errors, and find out the appropriate solutions to solve these errors, that is: list all kinds of negative structure of the qualified conditions, reasonable use of chunks for teaching. Pay attention to the use of the symbolic characteristics of the negative structure, and combine the teaching of the negative word "no" and the teaching of the auxiliary word "no" with the solution of the negative word "no" and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H195.3

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本文編號：1612126