本文關鍵詞： 現(xiàn)代漢語 省略 空缺句 信息結構 對比話題 對比焦點　出處：《北京外國語大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：省略是典型的句法語義互動現(xiàn)象,也是語言經(jīng)濟性原則在語法中凸顯的典型代表。省略研究中,空缺句始終是不可忽視的一環(huán)。自空缺概念首次提出以來,英語、荷蘭語等空缺句研究已取得很大進展,學界就其句法語義特征已基本達成共識,其生成過程研究更是愈發(fā)完善。相比之下,漢語中是否存在空缺句、其存在范圍及成因仍不明確�，F(xiàn)有研究存在語料表達不地道,語料合法性判斷有欠缺,對空缺句類型不加區(qū)分、一概而論,忽略空缺句的音系、句法、語義和語用特點及其互動等諸多問題。據(jù)此,本研究重新梳理了目前所掌握文獻中的所有空缺句,并對其進行了對比測試和獨立樣本T檢驗,結果初步顯示:(1)現(xiàn)代漢語空缺句并不是一個絕對存在或絕對不存在的概念,它只有接受程度上的強弱和存在范圍的大小。(2)語境可以極大地提高其可接受程度。有鑒于此,本文從信息結構理論出發(fā),闡釋了現(xiàn)代漢語空缺句的成因:語境明確的情況下,話題—述題結構和識別結構均可允準現(xiàn)代漢語空缺句形成。話題—述題結構中,只要第一對應和第一殘余為對比話題,第二對應和第二殘余為對比焦點,且句中其他信息為舊信息,空缺句便可形成。識別結構中,只要第一對應和第一殘余為對比焦點,第二對應和第二殘余為對比話題,且句中其他信息均為舊信息,空缺句也可形成。數(shù)量賓語、頻度補語和持續(xù)補語中的數(shù)量詞本身具有強對比性,可加強第二對應和第二殘余的對比度,提高空缺句可接受度。祈使語氣和指示詞能夠細化空缺句的論域,增加受話者對語篇外部世界,即真實世界的了解,提高空缺句可接受度。領屬結構中的物主代詞在缺乏語境的情況下,指代易不明確,因此若空缺句中含有領屬結構,則物主代詞需為舊信息�？杖本渲泻懈痹~或否定詞時,方式信息或否定信息需為舊信息,空缺句才合法。現(xiàn)代漢語偏正復句也可容納空缺結構。受全句焦點類型的影響,因果復句中的釋因句對空缺現(xiàn)象容納度低,紀效句和條件復句對空缺現(xiàn)象容納度高。條件復句中常出現(xiàn)焦點標記詞,可提高空缺句可接受度。最后,本文通過英漢空缺句句法語義特征對比發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)代漢語中不僅存在空缺句,其存在范圍甚至比英語更廣。漢語空缺句是句法、語義和語用等因素共同作用的結果。
[Abstract]:Ellipsis is a typical syntactic and semantic interaction phenomenon, and it is also a typical representative of the principle of language economy in grammar. In the study of ellipsis, vacant sentences have always been a link that can not be ignored. Since the concept of vacancy was first put forward. Great progress has been made in the study of vacant sentences such as English and Dutch. Scholars have basically reached a consensus on their syntactic and semantic features, and the research on their generation process is becoming more and more perfect. In contrast, is there a vacant sentence in Chinese? The scope and cause of its existence is still unclear. The existing research exists that the corpus is not authentic, the validity of the corpus is deficient, the types of the vacant sentence are not distinguished, and the phonetic system and syntax of the vacant sentence are ignored in a general way. Based on the semantic and pragmatic characteristics and their interaction, the present study reclassifies all the vacant sentences in the literature, and carries out comparative tests and independent sample T tests. The result shows that the empty sentence in modern Chinese is not a concept of absolute existence or absolute non-existence. Only the degree of acceptance and the scope of existence can greatly improve its acceptability. In view of this, this paper proceeds from the theory of information structure. This paper explains the causes of the vacancy sentence in modern Chinese: in the case of clear context, the structure of topic-question and the structure of identification can permit the formation of vacancy sentence in modern Chinese. As long as the first correspondence and the first residual are the comparative topic, the second correspondence and the second residual are the contrast focus, and the other information in the sentence is the old information, the vacant sentence can be formed. As long as the first correspondence and the first residual are the contrast focus, the second correspondence and the second residual are the comparative topics, and the other information in the sentence is old information, the vacant sentence can also form. The quantifiers in frequency complement and continuous complement have strong contrast, which can strengthen the contrast between the second correspondence and the second residual, and improve the acceptance of the vacant sentence. The imperative mood and the deixis can refine the scope of the empty sentence. To increase the understanding of the external world of the discourse, that is, the real world, and to improve the acceptability of the empty sentence. In the absence of context, it is easy to refer to the subject pronoun in the subordinate structure. Therefore, if the empty sentence contains the subordinate structure, the subjective pronoun should be the old information. When the empty sentence contains adverbs or negative words, the mode information or the negative information should be the old information. The vacancy sentence is legal. The partial complex sentence in modern Chinese can also accommodate the vacancy structure. Under the influence of the focus type of the whole sentence, the explanation factor sentence in the causality complex sentence has low tolerance to the vacancy phenomenon. The combination of sentence and conditional complex sentence has a high degree of tolerance to vacancy phenomenon. In conditional complex sentences, focus markers often appear, which can improve the acceptability of vacant sentences. Finally, this paper finds out that the French meanings of empty sentences in English and Chinese are compared with each other. There are not only vacant sentences in modern Chinese, but also a wider range of them than in English. Chinese vacant sentences are the result of the combination of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic factors.
【學位授予單位】：北京外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.3

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