本文選題：五弦琵琶 + 四弦四相琵琶�。� 參考：《星海音樂學院學報》2017年04期

【摘要】：從隋朝鄭譯與外來蘇祗婆樂調的對應(587)起,燕樂調在琵琶上是經(jīng)過幾次轉變的:一次是由同宮系統(tǒng)轉向同音異名多調性運用,到唐天寶十三載(754),太樂署供奉曲名及改諸樂名時,已顯示出了這種轉變。另一次是大約在武后與玄宗之間(624—762)或玄宗末年與中唐之間(762—839),四弦四相琵琶定弦總體降低了四度,前者保留在當今福建南琶定弦上;后者即為北琶廣泛采用,更促進了多調性的運用。再一次是在四弦四相琵琶總體降低四度之后,明確了低大二度的雙調定弦法,這大概是中唐以后才形成的格局。至此,這些均是圍繞撥彈樂器琵琶進行的。但約中、后唐至宋朝,由于主奏樂器轉移到吹管樂器篳篥與笛上,樂調理論也隨之發(fā)生了變化。正如那時文體上出現(xiàn)游戲式的回文詩、璇璣圖那樣,音樂上也有類似游戲式的樂調排列,其實,這與真正樂調的發(fā)展并無什么特別的關聯(lián),相反,則造成了燕樂不用徵調以及角調位置認定等種種謎團,成為燕樂調的千古之謎。
[Abstract]:From the Sui Dynasty Zheng's translation to the foreign Su 'zhou-bo 's tune correspondence (No. 587), Yan's tune on the pipa has undergone several changes: once, from the same palace system to the use of homonyms and polytonics, to Tang Tianbao's 13 years of 754, when the Tai Yue Department consecrated the music titles and changed the musical names. This shift has been demonstrated. The other one was about 624-762) or between Xuanzong and Xuanzong (624-762) or between Xuanzong and the middle Tang Dynasty. The four-string and four-phase pipa strings were generally reduced by four degrees. The former was retained on the south of Fujian Province, and the latter was widely used in the northern part of the world. It also promotes the use of polytonicity. Once again, after the four-string and four-phase pipa was reduced by four degrees in general, it was clear that the double tuning method of low two degrees was only formed after the middle Tang Dynasty. At this point, these are around the plucked instrument pipa. However, from the later Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the music tune theory changed with the transfer of the principal instrument to the wind instrument. Just as game palindromes appeared in style at that time, so did Xuanji's pictures, and there was a similar game-style arrangement in music. In fact, this had nothing to do with the development of real music, on the contrary. It has caused the enigma of Yan Yue's unsoliciting and the position determination of the horn tune, which has become the riddle of Yan's music tune for a long time.
【作者單位】： 上海藝術研究所;
【分類號】：J632.33

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