本文選題：曼海姆樂派　切入點：交響曲　出處：《沈陽師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：十八世紀初,許多歐洲國家市民階層崛起,他們的精神文化需求明顯增加。德國經(jīng)過戰(zhàn)爭的洗禮,人們的思想觀念發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變,開始崇尚理性,體現(xiàn)在科學,文學以及宗教等領(lǐng)域。位于德國西南部的曼海姆宮廷聚集了一大批作曲家和演奏家,在選帝侯的資助下,他們組建了一支杰出的管弦樂隊。其演奏風格新穎獨特,深受歡迎。本論文從歷史的角度出發(fā),通過比較曼海姆交響曲與其前后時期的作品在樂章數(shù)量、曲式結(jié)構(gòu)、樂隊編制、演奏技法等方面的相同和不同之處,進而論述此樂派在交響曲完善過程中起到的承前啟后的作用。交響曲的發(fā)展過程是漫長的,它在不同音樂時期呈現(xiàn)出各異的風格。巴羅克時期的器樂體裁種類繁多,其中大協(xié)奏曲,樂隊協(xié)奏曲,組曲對曼海姆交響曲的樂章數(shù)量和速度安排等方面都產(chǎn)生了很大影響。曼海姆樂派繼承并發(fā)展了巴羅克器樂的創(chuàng)作和演奏技法,并采用主調(diào)音樂風格。曼海姆樂派的作曲家在探索階段主要為四部弦樂創(chuàng)作交響曲,大部分由三個樂章構(gòu)成,論文會針對它們的調(diào)性和旋律特征進行分析。改良階段交響曲的樂章篇幅增大,樂隊編制有所擴充,其中展開部擴增后的小節(jié)數(shù)依舊少于呈示部和再現(xiàn)部,雙簧管和圓號被普遍運用于交響曲中。受狂飆突進運動的影響,曼海姆樂派的作曲家在創(chuàng)作中融入新的理念,深入挖掘管樂器的潛能,采用多種手法使主題對比更加鮮明。海頓在曼海姆樂派的基礎(chǔ)上對交響曲進行了完善,他將更加理性和均衡的思想植入作品中,進而確立了交響曲的結(jié)構(gòu)原則,同時又對樂隊編制進一步擴充,經(jīng)歷六個階段的改進最終確立雙管制樂隊。莫扎特拜訪過曼海姆之后,在交響曲中頻繁使用他們的創(chuàng)作手法,力度變化自如,足以體現(xiàn)出曼海姆樂派對他的重要影響。
[Abstract]:At the beginning of the eighteenth century, many European citizens rose, and their spiritual and cultural needs increased significantly. After the baptism of the war, people's ideas and ideas changed and they began to advocate rationality, which was reflected in science. In the field of literature and religion, the Mannheim court in southwestern Germany brought together a large number of composers and performers, who, with the aid of the elector, formed an outstanding orchestra, which played in a novel and unique style. From the historical point of view, this paper compares the similarities and differences between the Mannheim symphony and its works in terms of movement quantity, composition, composition, performance techniques, etc. The development process of symphony is long, and it presents different styles in different musical periods. There are many types of instrumental music in Baroque period. Among them, great concertos, band concertos and suites have great influence on the number and speed of the movement of the Mannheim symphony. The Mannheim music school inherited and developed the techniques for the creation and performance of Baroque instrumental music. The composers of the Mannheim music school mainly composed of four orchestral symphonies in the exploration stage, most of which were composed of three movements. This paper will analyze their tonality and melodic characteristics. The length of the symphony in the improved stage will be increased and the composition of the band will be expanded, in which the expanded sections will still be less than those of the presentation and reproduction sections. The oboe and the horn are widely used in symphonies. Influenced by the stormy movement, Mannheim composers have incorporated new ideas into their creations to tap into the potential of wind instruments. Haydn perfected the symphony on the basis of Mannheim's school, planted more rational and balanced ideas into his works, and then established the structural principles of the symphony. At the same time, the composition of the band was further expanded, and after six stages of improvement, it was finally established that after Mozart visited Mannheim, he frequently used their creative techniques in the symphony, and the dynamics changed freely. Enough to reflect the important influence of Mannheim on him.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：J614

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