本文關鍵詞： 節(jié)奏結構 情緒調(diào)節(jié) 負性情緒 情境修正理論　出處：《西南大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：情緒調(diào)節(jié)是自古至今都備受關注的話題,因為它不僅事關我們的日常生活的方方面面,而且對我們的人格心理健康發(fā)展有著重要的影響作用。中國的古代醫(yī)學就有“怒傷肝,憂思傷脾”的觀點,反應了樸素的情緒調(diào)節(jié)與身心健康的認識觀；西方哲學家們對情緒調(diào)節(jié)持有對立的兩個觀點,一種認為個體應該控制情緒,不被情緒左右,例如“保持頭腦冷靜的人才能成功”；另一種認為應該強調(diào)情緒的積極作用,例如“讓你的情緒作你的向?qū)А�。直�?0世紀80年代,情緒調(diào)節(jié)才成為心理學學科的一個相對獨立的研究領域,并取得了發(fā)展。情緒調(diào)節(jié)的方法和手段多種多樣,除了近期較關注的自身的認知調(diào)節(jié)和表達策略,是否可以借助其它外力的作用來更好地調(diào)節(jié)情緒,有效地減弱主體的負性情緒。人類的原始勞動創(chuàng)造了音樂,賦予了音樂節(jié)奏,節(jié)奏作為音樂的脈搏,音樂運動美的重要體現(xiàn),節(jié)奏結構要素之間關系的穩(wěn)定性和一致性是保持音樂持續(xù)運動的重要內(nèi)因。音樂與情緒有著古老又密切的關系,對其二者關系的研究不僅具有重要的理論意義,同時又有重要的實踐意義,并在應用心理學領域占有一席之地,如音樂治療、音樂教育等等。音樂具有很多特性,包括音高、節(jié)奏、旋律、和聲等,音樂影響人們的情緒離不開這些特性,到目前已經(jīng)有一些關于音樂的旋律、調(diào)式、速度特性對情緒影響的神經(jīng)科學研究和實證研究,但關于音樂其他特性對情緒影響的研究還處于萌芽階段。通過對已有的音樂特性對情緒影響的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),都是以旋律作為刺激材料,從其研究中再分析節(jié)奏相關的某些因素對情緒的影響作用,這種研究結果不可避免地帶上了音高特性對情緒影響的效應。因此本研究將在保留旋律的節(jié)奏形態(tài)下,通過心理學的正負情緒量表,采用情緒調(diào)節(jié)中情境修正的策略,研究節(jié)奏結構對大學生負性情緒——悲傷的調(diào)節(jié)作用,旨在通過研究音樂中的最基本要素節(jié)奏對情緒的調(diào)節(jié)影響理論,可以給未來的應用心理學提供一定的方法和理論參考。本文主要由以下五個部分組成：Ⅰ.緒論。簡要對本研究的目的、意義、現(xiàn)狀、預期結果進行說明。Ⅱ.理論基礎。本文理論部分主要從研究現(xiàn)狀和已有的結論中尋找還沒有涉及的研究內(nèi)容,尋找創(chuàng)新點和突破點,建立有力的理論支撐,為實證研究提供假設、研究方法和手段。首先對節(jié)奏和情緒的研究現(xiàn)狀進行總結歸納,提出節(jié)奏結構概念并對其定義以及內(nèi)部要素關系進行說明,按其關系對節(jié)奏結構進行分組,然后梳理情緒調(diào)節(jié)的理論發(fā)展、策略和研究方法,以情緒調(diào)節(jié)的情境觀為基礎,采用心理學實驗法、主觀體驗法等,來研究節(jié)奏對情緒(負性悲傷)調(diào)節(jié)的影響作用。Ⅲ.實證研究。這是本研究的主要實證部分,分為預實驗和實驗兩大部分。預實驗對節(jié)奏結構材料和被試進行選取,節(jié)奏結構選取喚醒度、信度和效價較高的節(jié)奏片段,被試選取近期偏向正性情緒的音樂專業(yè)和非音樂專業(yè)的西南大學的大學生。正式實驗均先由視頻誘發(fā)被試的悲傷情緒,測量情緒正負性分值,然后采用策略對其調(diào)節(jié),再次測量情緒正負性分值,后測與前測的差值就是調(diào)節(jié)的作用值。實驗一將采用節(jié)奏結構修正情境調(diào)節(jié)后的結果與誘發(fā)悲傷情緒后的結果進行比較,研究節(jié)奏結構對情緒調(diào)節(jié)程度的影響以及專業(yè)間和性別間效果的差異；實驗二將節(jié)奏結構按其要素關系分組進行實驗,研究具有不同要素關系的節(jié)奏結構對情緒調(diào)節(jié)的影響。Ⅳ.總討論。探討分析本研究的結果和存在的問題,根據(jù)以上的理論基礎,對實驗的效果進行概括的分析和討論。分析本研究的創(chuàng)新點和價值以及不足點。結論：節(jié)奏結構可以影響情緒的調(diào)節(jié),對于調(diào)節(jié)悲傷負性情緒有一定程度的影響；在節(jié)奏結構情境修正的調(diào)節(jié)下,音樂專業(yè)的被試比非音樂專業(yè)的被試調(diào)節(jié)效果好；音樂專業(yè)中女性比男性更容易受到節(jié)奏結構調(diào)節(jié)情緒的影響,調(diào)節(jié)效果更好,非音樂專業(yè)中則反之；具有密集關系、方整形態(tài)、時距較短、發(fā)音點一致的節(jié)奏結構更好地調(diào)節(jié)大學生的悲傷負性情緒,音樂專業(yè)比非音樂專業(yè)的人調(diào)節(jié)程度更強；3拍子的節(jié)奏結構不利于大學生悲傷負性情緒調(diào)節(jié),反而會大大減弱其積極情緒。
[Abstract]:Emotional adjustment is a topic of concern since ancient times, because it is not only related to our daily life in all aspects, but also plays an important role in the healthy development of our personality. Chinese ancient medicine has "anger liver injury, and the injury of spleen" point of view, the simple emotion regulation and reaction the physical and mental health of the theory of knowledge; two viewpoints of Western philosophers of the emotion regulation holds the opposite, one is that the individual should control their emotions, not by emotions, such as "keep calm people to succeed"; another that the positive role should be emphasized in emotion, such as "let your emotions be your guide". Until 1980s, emotion regulation became a relatively independent research field of psychology, and achieved development. Methods and means of emotion regulation is varied, in addition to the recent concern The regulation and expression of cognitive strategies, whether can use other external force to better regulate emotion, negative emotion effectively weakened. The main body of primitive human labor to create music, with music rhythm, the rhythm of the music as the pulse, an important manifestation of music movement beauty, the relationship between the stability of structural elements and rhythm consistency is an important cause of continuous movement. Keep the music music and emotion has a relationship between ancient and close to the research on the relation not only has important theoretical significance, but also has important practical significance, and occupy a space for one person in the field of applied psychology, such as music therapy, music education, music has many characteristics and so on., including pitch, rhythm, melody, harmony, musical influences people's emotions cannot do without these characteristics, at present there have been some questions about the melody, tone, speed On the emotional impact of neuroscience research and empirical research, but the research on other characteristics of the emotional impact of music is still in its infancy. The music characteristics of the existing research on the emotional impact that is based on the melody as stimuli, and then analyze some factors related to the role of rhythm on the emotional impact from his research the results of this study, the effect of pitch characteristics on the emotional impact inevitably. Therefore this research will be retained in the rhythm of the form, the psychology of positive and negative emotion scale, using modified emotion regulation strategies of situation, research on College Students' rhythm structure of negative emotion regulation, sad, to the most basic elements of rhythm through the study of music on the emotional regulation effect theory can provide some reference to the application of the theory and method of psychology in the future. This paper is mainly composed of a The following five parts: I. Introduction. Briefly on the research purpose, significance, status quo, the expected results are described. II. Theoretical basis. The theoretical part of this paper mainly from the research status quo and existing results for no research involves the search for innovation and breakthrough, establish a strong theoretical support. That is the empirical research, research methods and means. The research status of rhythm and emotion are summarized, put forward the concept of rhythm structure and illustrates the relationship between the definition and internal factors, according to the relationship of rhythm structure in groups, and then sorts out the theoretical development of emotion regulation strategies and research methods, emotion regulation the situation is based on the viewpoint, the psychology experimental method, subjective experience method, to study the rhythm of emotion (negative sad) effect. 3. Regulation of empirical research. This is mainly the empirical research Part is divided into two parts. The pre experiment and pre experiment on rhythm structure materials and subjects were selected to determine the structure of arousal, rhythm, reliability and high potency rhythm fragments, participants tend to the recent positive emotion of music majors and non majors of Southwestern University students. Formal experiments were first induced by video the sad mood, emotion measurement of positive and negative scores, then by adjusting the strategy for the measurement of positive and negative emotions, again after the test scores, and the difference is measured before adjustment effect value. The experiment will use a rhythm structure adjusted and revised the situation evoked sadness after comparing the results of the difference of rhythm structure the impact of emotional regulation and professional and gender effect; experiment two rhythm structure according to its elements between grouping experiments, research with different factors and relations Effect of rhythm structure of emotion regulation. 4. General discussion. Analysis of the results of this study and the existing problems, based on the theory mentioned above, analyze and discuss the summary of the experimental results. Analysis of the study of innovation and value and the lack of points. Conclusion: the rhythm structure can affect the mood adjustment, have to a certain extent for the regulation of sad negative emotion; in the regulation of rhythm structure situation modification under the music professional subjects than non music professional subjects of good regulating effect; professional women in music more easily influenced by the structure of regulating emotional rhythm than men, adjust better, non Music Majors in contrast with; the relationship between the morphology, density, time is short, the negative emotion of sadness pronunciation point better consistent rhythm structure adjustment of college students majoring in music, music than non professional people adjust more; 3 The rhythmic structure of the racket is not conducive to the negative emotional adjustment of the college students, but will greatly weaken their positive emotions.

【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：J60-05

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