論租賃房屋裝飾裝修糾紛處理
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-06 03:54
【摘要】：裝飾裝修糾紛的處理涉及到債權(quán)和物權(quán)兩大法學(xué)領(lǐng)域,具體涉及添附制度、不當(dāng)?shù)美让穹ɡ碚?為解決法律適用問題,最高人民法院于2009年7月30日頒布的《最高人民法院關(guān)于審理城鎮(zhèn)房屋租賃合同糾紛案件具體應(yīng)用法律若干問題的解釋》中區(qū)分不同情形,確定了各自的適用原則。本文從四個部分來分析此類糾紛的處理,包括法理、國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)法律規(guī)定、案例解析和立法建議。 在法理方面,我們通常區(qū)分不同情形,從而具體適用添附、侵權(quán)賠償和不當(dāng)?shù)美仍瓌t來處理此類糾紛。如果承租人未經(jīng)出租人同意,擅自進(jìn)行裝飾裝修,構(gòu)成侵權(quán),承擔(dān)侵權(quán)責(zé)任;承租人經(jīng)同意裝飾裝修,一是對附合和未形成附合的裝飾裝修物分別適用不同的處理規(guī)則。未形成附合的裝飾裝修物,承租人作為所有權(quán)人享有處分權(quán);已形成附合的裝飾裝修物區(qū)分合同無效、合同有效解除、合同履行期限屆滿情形,適用不同的處理規(guī)則;二是出租人是否對承租人的裝飾裝修進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償,如何補(bǔ)償,要區(qū)分不同情況。合同無效時,出租人同意利用的裝飾裝修,基于不當(dāng)?shù)美麑Τ凶馊诉M(jìn)行補(bǔ)償;不同意利用的,裝飾裝修的現(xiàn)值損失作為無效合同的損失,由雙方按照過錯承擔(dān);合同解除,由導(dǎo)致合同解除的違約方承擔(dān)裝飾裝修殘值損失。在雙方均無過錯情形下,由雙方依照公平原則分擔(dān)裝飾裝修殘值損失;需要注意的是,合同解除時,如果出租人同意利用承租人裝飾裝修的,仍需基于不當(dāng)?shù)美麑Τ凶馊擞枰匝a(bǔ)償;合同履行期間屆滿,出租人取得附合裝飾裝修物無需補(bǔ)償。 結(jié)合國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)法律規(guī)定和司法實踐來看,在《德國民法典》和《日本民法典》中有關(guān)該類糾紛的處理主要使用不當(dāng)?shù)美瓌t,即租賃合同解除或終止后,如果裝飾裝修物與房屋本身形成附和的,按照添附原理裝飾裝修物歸屬出租人,而承租人對房屋裝飾裝修的合理投入可以依據(jù)不當(dāng)?shù)美瓌t向出租人主張;如果裝飾裝修物與房屋本身未形成附和的,裝飾裝修物仍歸承租人所有,承租人可以拆除該裝飾裝修物,因此給出租人造成損失的,應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償。 從常見的案例類型,即裝飾裝修物與租賃房屋附和以及裝飾裝修物與租賃房屋未附和、經(jīng)出租人同意與未經(jīng)出租人同意裝飾裝修以及當(dāng)租賃合同無效、被撤銷及被解除等情況來分析,顯然該司法解釋的有關(guān)規(guī)定尚值得商榷和進(jìn)一步修改。 本文最后建議區(qū)分適用不當(dāng)?shù)美蛽p害賠償原則的情形,即區(qū)分善意添附和惡意添附,在善意添附的情況下適用不當(dāng)?shù)美瓌t,在租賃合同解除或終止后按照添附原理裝飾裝修物歸屬出租人,而承租人可以不當(dāng)?shù)美瓌t向出租人主張其合理的裝飾裝修投入;在惡意添附的情況下則適用損害賠償原則,因為此時的承租人未經(jīng)出租人同意而擅自進(jìn)行裝飾裝修,已然構(gòu)成侵權(quán),應(yīng)當(dāng)對房出租人的相應(yīng)損失進(jìn)行賠償。另外,還要區(qū)分租賃合同的不同效力情況,即合同無效和被撤銷時以及合同被解除時、合同履行完畢時對裝飾裝修糾紛的不同處理辦法。在合同無效和被撤銷時,合同的效力存在瑕疵,此時按照各方的過錯有無及過錯大小決定其是否對損失承擔(dān)責(zé)任、承擔(dān)多少責(zé)任;合同被解除時,該合同已然生效,如果存在損失,則可以同時主張賠償損失。如此一來,區(qū)分善意與惡意添附、合同效力的不同情形,以明確適用不當(dāng)?shù)美c損害賠償?shù)牟煌闆r,更便于司法實踐中的運(yùn)用,以及切實維護(hù)承租人與出租人雙方的合法權(quán)利。
[Abstract]:The processing of the decoration dispute involves the two major legal fields of creditor's rights and real right, in particular to the theory of the civil law, such as the addition of the system and the unjust enrichment, so as to solve the problem of the application of the law. The Supreme People's Court, promulgated by the Supreme People's Court on July 30,2009, distinguishes the different situations from the interpretation of the specific application of the law on the case of the case of the contract of the housing of the town and houses, and determines the respective application principle. This paper analyzes the processing of such disputes from four parts, including the legal theory, the relevant legal provisions at home and abroad, the case analysis and the legislative suggestions. In the field of jurisprudence, we usually distinguish between different situations, so we can apply the principle of attachment, tort compensation and unjust enrichment to deal with such cases. The Lessee shall, without the consent of the Lessor, carry out the decoration and decoration without authorization, make up the infringement, and bear the liability for infringement; the Lessee shall agree to the decoration and decoration. The first is to apply different treatment rules to the decoration and decoration which is attached and not formed. If the attached decoration and decoration are not formed, the Lessee shall enjoy the right of disposition as the owner. The attached decoration and decoration articles are not valid, the contract is effective, and the expiration of the contract performance period shall be subject to different treatment rules. the second is whether the lessor can compensate the decoration and decoration of the lessee, how to compensate, and distinguish the non-sympathy If the contract is invalid, the lessor agrees to make use of the decoration and decoration, and compensate the lessee based on the unjust enrichment; if the contract is not agreed, the present value loss of the decoration and decoration as the loss of the invalid contract shall be borne by the two parties in accordance with the fault; the contract solution In addition, the breaching party resulting in the cancellation of the contract shall be liable for the loss of the residual value of the decoration and decoration In case of no fault in both parties, the two parties share the loss of the residual value of the decoration and decoration in accordance with the principle of fairness; it is necessary to note that when the contract is released, if the lessor agrees to make use of the decoration of the lessee, the lessee shall compensate the lessee on the basis of the unjust enrichment; during the performance period of the contract, The Lessor has obtained the attached decoration and the decoration is not required to be supplemented. In combination with relevant legal provisions and judicial practice at home and abroad, the treatment of such disputes in the German Civil Code and the Japanese Civil Code mainly uses the principle of unjust enrichment, that is, after the lease contract is released or terminated, if the decoration and decoration are formed with the house itself, In addition, according to the attached principle, the decoration object is attached to the lessor, and the lessee's reasonable input to the decoration of the house can be claimed by the lessor according to the principle of non-profit. If the decoration and decoration are not attached to the house itself, the decoration and decoration will still be leased. in all case, that tenant may remove the decorative trim and, therefore, cause a loss to the lessor and shall In the case of compensation, from the common case type, that is, the decoration and the lease of the house and the non-attachment of the decoration and the leased property, the Lessor agrees with the decoration and decoration without the consent of the Lessor, and shall be cancelled and released when the lease contract is invalid. It is clear that the relevant provisions of the judicial interpretation are still worthy of discussion and analysis. In this paper, it is proposed to distinguish between the principle of unjust enrichment and the principle of compensation for damages, that is, to distinguish the principle of good will and the malice, and to apply the principle of unjust enrichment in the case of the addition of good will, and to decorate it according to the attached principle after the lease contract is released or terminated. The lessee may, without the consent of the lessor, conduct the decoration and decoration without the consent of the lessor. If the infringement is already constituted, the phase of the owner of the house shall be In addition, it is also necessary to distinguish between the different effect of the lease contract, that is, when the contract is invalid and the contract is cancelled, and when the contract is released, the decoration and decoration dispute shall be settled when the contract is completed. Different treatment methods. When the contract is invalid and is cancelled, the effect of the contract is defective. At this time, whether or not it is responsible for the loss is determined according to the fault and the fault size of the parties, and the contract has become effective when the contract is released. and, if there is a loss, may be the same as In this way, the loss is claimed. In this way, it is necessary to distinguish the different situations of good faith and malice and the effect of the contract, so as to clearly apply the different situations of unjust enrichment and damages, to be more convenient for the application in the judicial practice, and to effectively maintain the lessee and the lessor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D913
[Abstract]:The processing of the decoration dispute involves the two major legal fields of creditor's rights and real right, in particular to the theory of the civil law, such as the addition of the system and the unjust enrichment, so as to solve the problem of the application of the law. The Supreme People's Court, promulgated by the Supreme People's Court on July 30,2009, distinguishes the different situations from the interpretation of the specific application of the law on the case of the case of the contract of the housing of the town and houses, and determines the respective application principle. This paper analyzes the processing of such disputes from four parts, including the legal theory, the relevant legal provisions at home and abroad, the case analysis and the legislative suggestions. In the field of jurisprudence, we usually distinguish between different situations, so we can apply the principle of attachment, tort compensation and unjust enrichment to deal with such cases. The Lessee shall, without the consent of the Lessor, carry out the decoration and decoration without authorization, make up the infringement, and bear the liability for infringement; the Lessee shall agree to the decoration and decoration. The first is to apply different treatment rules to the decoration and decoration which is attached and not formed. If the attached decoration and decoration are not formed, the Lessee shall enjoy the right of disposition as the owner. The attached decoration and decoration articles are not valid, the contract is effective, and the expiration of the contract performance period shall be subject to different treatment rules. the second is whether the lessor can compensate the decoration and decoration of the lessee, how to compensate, and distinguish the non-sympathy If the contract is invalid, the lessor agrees to make use of the decoration and decoration, and compensate the lessee based on the unjust enrichment; if the contract is not agreed, the present value loss of the decoration and decoration as the loss of the invalid contract shall be borne by the two parties in accordance with the fault; the contract solution In addition, the breaching party resulting in the cancellation of the contract shall be liable for the loss of the residual value of the decoration and decoration In case of no fault in both parties, the two parties share the loss of the residual value of the decoration and decoration in accordance with the principle of fairness; it is necessary to note that when the contract is released, if the lessor agrees to make use of the decoration of the lessee, the lessee shall compensate the lessee on the basis of the unjust enrichment; during the performance period of the contract, The Lessor has obtained the attached decoration and the decoration is not required to be supplemented. In combination with relevant legal provisions and judicial practice at home and abroad, the treatment of such disputes in the German Civil Code and the Japanese Civil Code mainly uses the principle of unjust enrichment, that is, after the lease contract is released or terminated, if the decoration and decoration are formed with the house itself, In addition, according to the attached principle, the decoration object is attached to the lessor, and the lessee's reasonable input to the decoration of the house can be claimed by the lessor according to the principle of non-profit. If the decoration and decoration are not attached to the house itself, the decoration and decoration will still be leased. in all case, that tenant may remove the decorative trim and, therefore, cause a loss to the lessor and shall In the case of compensation, from the common case type, that is, the decoration and the lease of the house and the non-attachment of the decoration and the leased property, the Lessor agrees with the decoration and decoration without the consent of the Lessor, and shall be cancelled and released when the lease contract is invalid. It is clear that the relevant provisions of the judicial interpretation are still worthy of discussion and analysis. In this paper, it is proposed to distinguish between the principle of unjust enrichment and the principle of compensation for damages, that is, to distinguish the principle of good will and the malice, and to apply the principle of unjust enrichment in the case of the addition of good will, and to decorate it according to the attached principle after the lease contract is released or terminated. The lessee may, without the consent of the lessor, conduct the decoration and decoration without the consent of the lessor. If the infringement is already constituted, the phase of the owner of the house shall be In addition, it is also necessary to distinguish between the different effect of the lease contract, that is, when the contract is invalid and the contract is cancelled, and when the contract is released, the decoration and decoration dispute shall be settled when the contract is completed. Different treatment methods. When the contract is invalid and is cancelled, the effect of the contract is defective. At this time, whether or not it is responsible for the loss is determined according to the fault and the fault size of the parties, and the contract has become effective when the contract is released. and, if there is a loss, may be the same as In this way, the loss is claimed. In this way, it is necessary to distinguish the different situations of good faith and malice and the effect of the contract, so as to clearly apply the different situations of unjust enrichment and damages, to be more convenient for the application in the judicial practice, and to effectively maintain the lessee and the lessor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D913
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