【摘要】：樟科楠屬植物(Phoebe Nees)主要分布在亞洲和美洲的熱帶地區(qū),約94種�！吨袊参镏尽分杏涊d,楠屬植物在我國主要分布在長江中下游及其以南地區(qū),共34種3變種,是我國傳統(tǒng)的珍貴樹種,素有“木中金子”的美譽。本屬植物多為高大的常綠喬木,因其樹形優(yōu)美、分枝點較高、病蟲害較少、文化寓意深厚而被廣泛應(yīng)用于城市的園林綠化；木材堅硬、結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)致、不容易結(jié)構(gòu)開裂伴有奇異香型,是建筑、家具、裝潢的優(yōu)良木材,中外馳名的“楠木”即為本屬植物。湖北省位于長江中游地區(qū),氣候溫暖濕潤,雨熱同期,是楠屬植物資源的分布和應(yīng)用大省。楠屬植物在湖北全省均有分布,分布種類在恩施、長陽等地區(qū)最為豐富,人工種植主要分布于荊州、宜昌等平原地區(qū),野生資源則多見于溫暖濕潤的溝谷地帶,一般在以殼斗科植物為建群種的天然溫帶常綠闊葉里林中作為伴生種零星分布。由于有些楠屬植物的外部形態(tài)相近或相似,在應(yīng)用和識別過程中比較混亂,常常會有誤定現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。鑒于其巨大的市場價值及生態(tài)價值,準(zhǔn)確且快速判斷楠屬植物的品種,挖掘楠屬植物的園林應(yīng)用潛力,使其適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代化的園林市場需求,具有十分重要的理論和實踐意義。本次研究以前人對樟科植物的系統(tǒng)分類學(xué)研究為基礎(chǔ),在查閱大量文獻(xiàn)、多次實地調(diào)查之后,對湖北省5種主要楠屬植物的葉片形態(tài)進(jìn)行綜合性分析和比較；對其高光譜特征進(jìn)行比較,并建立相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)判別模型,利用該判別模型能夠較為準(zhǔn)確的對其種類進(jìn)行判別。植物的葉表皮形態(tài)對于植物的形態(tài)分類具有十分重要的價值。因此,在形態(tài)性狀方面,通過對湖北省5種主要的楠屬植物葉片進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)上的比較和測量,將一些重要的形態(tài)特征轉(zhuǎn)化為直觀的數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計,并對于測量數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)上的分析。結(jié)果表明：不同楠屬植物的葉片具有較大的形態(tài)差異,但又具有一定程度上的相似性,難以用傳統(tǒng)的方法進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的描述。植物葉片進(jìn)行葉形掃描后,對得到的長度、寬度、葉面積、葉基角等數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理以后進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,結(jié)果表明,5種楠屬植物種與種之間存在著明顯的差異：其中紫楠與其他四種差異極大,從葉片形狀及大小便可很容易的進(jìn)行區(qū)分：而閩楠和楨楠形態(tài)較為相似,僅憑借葉片形狀、大小、葉片表皮毛附著情況很難區(qū)分,還應(yīng)該從其他方面加以細(xì)致區(qū)分。在光鏡和電鏡下觀察楠屬植物的葉表皮結(jié)構(gòu),結(jié)果表明：下表皮的結(jié)構(gòu)要比上表皮更加復(fù)雜,氣孔的分布、表皮細(xì)胞的形態(tài)均不相同。5種楠屬植物都具有十分明顯的柵欄組織和海綿組織的分化,且上表皮有蠟質(zhì)層存在,但柵欄組織和海綿組織在細(xì)胞的厚度、蠟質(zhì)層的厚度上均存在著一定的差異。紫楠葉片表層有明顯的蠟質(zhì)層的存在,蠟質(zhì)層下面有一層圓柱型的細(xì)胞整齊的排列,柵欄組織和海綿組織分化嚴(yán)重。下表皮細(xì)胞不規(guī)則排列。白楠和楨楠的柵欄組織和海綿組織分化則并不明顯,且柵欄組織的長度較短。由于不同的植物其內(nèi)在分子結(jié)構(gòu)及所含化學(xué)成分的不同,在紅外光譜下會呈現(xiàn)出不同的相應(yīng)特征。近年來,高光譜技術(shù)在植物分類上的廣泛應(yīng)用,成為植物品種鑒定的新興手段,特別是對于一些形態(tài)特征相似或相近的物種,以測譜學(xué)為基礎(chǔ)發(fā)展起來的、具有分辨率高、信息量大等特點的高光譜技術(shù)能夠很好的解決植物之間從形態(tài)上不容易識別的問題。通過對湖北省5種楠屬植物之間的光譜提取,運用逐步判別的方法篩選出特征波段,結(jié)果表明：5種楠屬植物的反射光譜特征波段主要集中在300nm-1100nm之間。在波長530nm-580nm之間會出現(xiàn)一個“紅峰”,反射波峰值的大小順序為白楠閩楠楨楠浙江楠紫楠。結(jié)合Fisher線性判別方法,構(gòu)建出楠屬植物品種的判別分析模型。通過模型,能夠?qū)⑦@5種楠屬植物較為準(zhǔn)確的區(qū)分開來。這也為快速進(jìn)行楠屬植物的鑒定提供了一種新的可行性方法。楠屬植物作為我國傳統(tǒng)優(yōu)良樹種,四季常綠,樹型優(yōu)美,特別是由于其在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中具有很好的象征意義,已經(jīng)受到相關(guān)從業(yè)者越來越多的重視,成為現(xiàn)代園林建設(shè)中理想的樹種。分布范圍廣,適應(yīng)性強,病蟲害少,幼苗易于成活,養(yǎng)護(hù)成本較低,可以用作經(jīng)濟林的栽培樹種之一；木材材質(zhì)紋理細(xì)膩,材質(zhì)較好,不易變形,耐腐抗蟲,是家具、建筑良好的材料。綜上所述,楠屬植物不僅具有很高的經(jīng)濟價值和生態(tài)價值,更兼具一定的科研及資源保護(hù)價值,適合廣泛進(jìn)行推廣種植。
[Abstract]:The genus Phoeboe Nees is mainly distributed in the tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, about 94 species. There are 34 species of these species in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south of the Yangtze River, which are known as the "the gold of the wood". The plant is a large evergreen tree, because the tree is beautiful, the branch point is high, the disease and insect pests are less, the cultural meaning is deep and is widely used in the garden greening of the city, the wood is hard, the structure is fine, the structural cracking is not easy, and the strange-flavor type is the building and the furniture, The good wood of the decoration, the famous "Nanmu" is the genus of the genus. Hubei Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the climate is warm and humid, and the rain and heat are in the same period, it is the distribution and application of the plant resources of Nangan. The plants of the genus Nwhich are distributed in the whole province of Hubei, and the distribution is the most abundant in the areas such as Enshi and Changyang. The artificial planting is mainly distributed in the plain areas such as Jingzhou and Yichang, and the wild resources are mostly found in the warm and humid valley areas. In general, in the natural temperate evergreen broad-leaved forest in which the plant of the shell is built as a group, the companion species are distributed sporadically. Due to the similar or similar external morphology of some of the Nanglia plants, it is often misdetermined in the process of application and identification. In view of its great market value and ecological value, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to make it suitable for the modern garden market demand. This study was based on the systematic taxonomic study of the plants of the Analois, and made a comprehensive analysis and comparison of the leaf morphology of the five main Nangaceae plants in Hubei province after a large number of literature and on-the-spot investigation. The high spectral characteristics of the plants were compared. And a corresponding mathematical judgment model is established, and the type can be judged more accurately by using the discrimination model. The leaf epidermis of the plant is of great value to the morphological classification of the plant. Therefore, in the aspect of morphological characters, by comparing and measuring the morphological characteristics of five main plant leaves in Hubei province, some important morphological features are transformed into visual data statistics, and the statistical analysis of the measurement data is carried out. The results show that the leaves of the plants of the different genera have a large morphological difference, but also have a certain degree of similarity, and it is difficult to carry out the accurate description by the traditional method. After the leaf shape scanning of the plant leaves, data analysis was carried out after the standardized treatment of the data such as the length, the width, the leaf area, the basal angle and the like, and the results showed that there was a significant difference between the five species of the Photinia species and the species: It is very easy to distinguish between the shape of the blade and the urine and the urine, and the shape of the blade is very similar, and it is difficult to distinguish between the shape and size of the blade and the adhesion of the skin of the blade, and it should be distinguished from other aspects. The results showed that the structure of the lower epidermis was more complicated than that of the upper epidermis, the distribution of stomata and the morphology of the epidermal cells were not the same. And the thickness of the cell, the thickness of the wax layer and the thickness of the wax layer are different. There are obvious waxy layers in the surface of the leaf of the leaf of the south, there is a layer of cylindrical cells in the wax layer, and the tissue of the palisade and the sponge are in serious differentiation. The lower skin cells are irregularly arranged. The differentiation of the palisade tissue and the sponge tissue of the Namtha and the Namtha is not obvious, and the length of the fence tissue is shorter. Due to the different molecular structure and chemical composition of different plants, different corresponding characteristics can be displayed under the infrared spectrum. In recent years, the wide application of high-spectrum technology in the classification of plants has become an emerging means of plant variety identification, especially for species with similar or similar morphological characteristics, with high resolution, The high-spectrum technology with the characteristics of large information content can well solve the problem that the plant can not be easily identified from the form. By means of the method of step-by-step, the characteristic bands were selected by the spectral extraction of the five species of Photinia in Hubei, and the results showed that the characteristic bands of the reflection spectrum of the five species of Photinia were mainly concentrated in the range of 300 nm to 1100 nm. A "Red Peaks" appears between the wavelength of 530 nm and 580 nm, and the peak of the reflected wave is in the order of the order of the magnitude of the peak of the reflected wave to be in the order of the Nampula, the Nampula, and the Photinia. The discriminant analysis model of the plant species of the genus Photinia was constructed by the Fisher linear discriminant method. By means of the model, the five species of Photinia can be more accurately distinguished. This also provides a new feasible method for the rapid identification of the Nana plants. As a good tree species in China, the genus Nangia is evergreen and has a beautiful tree in the four seasons, especially because of its good symbolic significance in Chinese traditional culture, and has been paid more and more attention by the relevant practitioners to become the ideal tree species in the construction of modern garden. The invention has the advantages of wide distribution range, strong adaptability, few diseases and insect pests, easy survival of the seedlings and low maintenance cost, and can be used as one of the cultivated tree species of the economic forest; and the wood material is fine in texture, good in material, not easy to deform, resistant to corrosion and insect resistance, and is a good material for furniture and building. In conclusion, the Nanga plant not only has high economic value and ecological value, but also has certain scientific research and resource protection value, and is suitable for wide popularization and planting.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：Q944.56

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