【摘要】：隨著人民生活水平的提高和社會經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，人們對工作和居室的生活環(huán)境越來越追求舒適化和高檔化，室內(nèi)裝修成為一種新時尚。裝修在使居室變得舒適與美觀的同時，也給室內(nèi)環(huán)境造成了污染，嚴重影響到人民的生活質(zhì)量。其散發(fā)的污染物主要有甲醛、苯、氨和總揮發(fā)性有機化合物。其中，甲醛以其對人體毒害程度大、室內(nèi)超標量高、在室內(nèi)散發(fā)時間長，引起了國內(nèi)外研究人員的共同關注。世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)，美國國家科學院，國家研究理事會（NAS/NRC)等機構一直強調(diào)它們是一類重要的空氣污染物，控制其濃度是提高室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的重要手段之一。 本文利用計算流體力學（CFD）方法，模擬了不同甲醛含量的兩種板材分別在三種不同板材使用面積的情況下室內(nèi)甲醛濃度的分布與變化情況。首先根據(jù)現(xiàn)有板材甲醛散發(fā)模型利用Matlab編程計算得到所用的兩種裝修板材的甲醛散發(fā)率。將計算得到的散發(fā)率編寫用戶自定義函數(shù)（即UDF），將其連接到Fluent中進行數(shù)值模擬。每個住宅的房間分三種工況，在不同的板材鋪設面積下分別研究板材的使用面積對房間內(nèi)甲醛分布的影響，同時研究了住宅一和住宅二在鋪設不同的地板的情況下對房間內(nèi)甲醛濃度的影響。并利用插值求出板材多種使用面積下，房間內(nèi)甲醛濃度達標所要進行自然通風的時間。同時也列出在房間密閉條件下，單位空間甲醛散發(fā)材料表面積與房間甲醛濃度達標需對房間進行自然通風時間的對應關系。 最后將實際測試的值與在實驗條件下模擬的數(shù)值進行對比并加以分析，二者數(shù)據(jù)結果基本吻合，其模擬結果真實的反映了實際工程中的甲醛濃度變化和分布。 本文通過研究不同板材用量與使用不同污染物含量的板材對室內(nèi)甲醛濃度造成的影響，得出一些基本結論。初步得出：室內(nèi)通風對室內(nèi)甲醛污染擴散狀態(tài)的影響比較大；同時隨著鋪設板材面積的增加，房間內(nèi)甲醛濃度也成比例增加的；地板初始濃度越大，擴散系數(shù)越大時，，甲醛濃度越高，建材對室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的影響越大。為治理空氣污染、調(diào)控室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量提供了理論支持和科學依據(jù)，同時也針對不同的環(huán)境條件為居民判斷裝修后的合理入住時間提供了參考。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard and the rapid development of social economy, people are more and more pursuing comfortable and high-grade living environment of work and living room. Interior decoration has become a new fashion. Decoration not only makes the bedroom comfortable and beautiful, but also pollutes the indoor environment, which seriously affects the quality of life of the people. The main pollutants emitted are formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia and total volatile organic compounds. Among them, formaldehyde has attracted the common attention of researchers at home and abroad because of its great toxicity to human body, high indoor superscalation and long time of indoor emission. The (WHO), National Academy of Sciences and the National Research Council (NAS/NRC) of the World Health Organization (WHO) have always emphasized that they are an important class of air pollutants and the control of their concentration is one of the important means to improve indoor environmental quality. In this paper, (CFD) method of computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate the distribution and change of indoor formaldehyde concentration of two kinds of plates with different formaldehyde content under the condition of three kinds of different plate area. Firstly, according to the existing formaldehyde emission model of sheet metal, the formaldehyde emission rate of two kinds of decoration plates was calculated by Matlab programming. The calculated emission rate is written as a user-defined function (that is, UDF), connects it to Fluent for numerical simulation. The room of each residence is divided into three working conditions. Under the different plank laying area, the influence of the use area of the plate on the formaldehyde distribution in the room is studied respectively. At the same time, the influence of the first and second residence on the formaldehyde concentration in the room was studied under the condition of different flooring. The time of natural ventilation for the formaldehyde concentration in the room was obtained by interpolation. At the same time, the relationship between the surface area of formaldehyde emission material per unit space and the room formaldehyde concentration standard need to be carried on the natural ventilation time of the room under the condition of the room airtight. Finally, the measured values are compared with the simulated values under the experimental conditions, and the two data are basically consistent. The simulation results reflect the change and distribution of formaldehyde concentration in the actual engineering. In this paper, some basic conclusions are obtained by studying the effect of different plate dosage and different pollutant content on indoor formaldehyde concentration. It is concluded that indoor ventilation has a great influence on indoor formaldehyde pollution and diffusion, and the formaldehyde concentration in the room increases proportionally with the increase of the area of laid sheet. The higher the initial concentration of floor, the greater the diffusion coefficient, the higher the concentration of formaldehyde, the greater the influence of building materials on indoor air quality. It provides theoretical support and scientific basis for controlling air pollution and regulating indoor air quality. It also provides a reference for residents to judge the reasonable occupancy time after decoration according to different environmental conditions.
【學位授予單位】：青島理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：TU834

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