北京天寧寺塔的型制與裝飾藝術研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-11 11:08
【摘要】：公元907年,游牧民族契丹族征服了我國山西、河北及內蒙以北,北至蒙古高原和外興安嶺的大片地區(qū),建立了遼王朝。遼代統(tǒng)治階級對佛教崇信度不斷增加,至遼代后期幾乎全民信仰佛教,在大遼統(tǒng)治的廣大地區(qū)也修建了數(shù)量龐大的佛寺和佛塔。除山西、遼寧等幾個地區(qū)遺存有木結構的遼代塔院外,現(xiàn)存的遼代佛寺和遼塔均為磚石結構。遼代佛塔型制統(tǒng)一,具有體量大、型制規(guī)范、造型精美的特點。此外,佛塔周身雕刻裝飾眾多且精美,既有反映佛教主題的磚石雕像又有裝飾性的紋飾,體現(xiàn)出遼代具有極高的雕刻工藝水平。在中國歷史上遼代佛塔特別是磚石密檐塔從建造數(shù)量和營造技術來說達到了頂峰,也為后世留下了大量的中國傳統(tǒng)建筑藝術瑰寶。 北京天寧寺的天寧寺塔作為遼代末期所建佛塔,其型制具有典型的遼代特征。塔身雕像以佛教華嚴宗《圓覺經》內容為主題,融合顯教與密教的內容,雕刻精美生動,圖像內容豐富,具有獨特的佛教藝術風格。對于研究遼代佛教傳播和發(fā)展以及遼代型制工藝有著重要的意義。 本文以天寧寺塔為主要研究對象,采用實地調查與理論分析相結合的研究方法,從佛塔的型制和裝飾藝術兩個主要方面對天寧寺塔進行了系統(tǒng)的分析和研究,并總結出其型制特點和裝飾藝術特征。為佛塔的研究保護工作提供詳實的參考資料。本文將對天寧寺塔的研究分成四部分： 第一部分對佛塔的由來和演化進行了概述,并通過歸納整理天寧寺和天寧寺塔的歷史沿革,揭示了天寧寺塔近九百年的變遷。 第二部分概述了遼塔的型制并重點分析了天寧寺塔的型制,主要從天寧寺塔的基座、塔身、密檐和塔剎四部分詳細介紹和分析了其型制特征,總結出了天寧寺塔的型制特點。 第三部分研究天寧寺塔的裝飾藝術,主要從須彌座和塔身兩個重點部分研究天寧寺塔雕像的表現(xiàn)形式及宗教意義,并總結出了天寧寺塔裝飾藝術的藝術特征。 最后一部分對天寧寺塔進行價值評定與研究展望。作為遼代晚期佛塔的重要代表,也是北京城最古老的建筑遺存,天寧寺塔具有極其重要的歷史及文化價值。研究其型制與裝飾藝術,可以為今后進一步的深入研究做鋪墊,也能夠對天寧寺塔這一重要文物的保護提供精準的數(shù)據(jù)及理論支持。本部分對前幾部分研究的結論作出總結,并對研究過程中的一些思考做了闡述,表達了個人的一些觀點。
[Abstract]:In 907 AD, the nomadic Qidan ethnic group conquered Shanxi, Hebei and large areas north of Inner Mongolia, north to the Mongolian Plateau and Waixing'an Mountains, and established the Liao Dynasty. The ruling class of Liao Dynasty believed in Buddhism continuously, and almost all people believed in Buddhism in the later period of Liao Dynasty, and a large number of Buddhist temples and pagodas were built in the vast areas ruled by the great Liao Dynasty. Except in Shanxi, Liaoning and other areas, the existing pagodas and pagodas of Liao Dynasty are masonry structures. The pagoda system of Liao Dynasty is unified, with the characteristics of large volume, standard form and exquisite shape. In addition, there are many beautiful sculptures around the pagoda, both reflecting the Buddhist theme of masonry statues and decorative ornaments, reflecting the Liao Dynasty has a very high level of carving technology. In the history of China, the pagoda of Liao Dynasty, especially the masonry dense eaves tower, reached its peak in terms of construction quantity and construction technology, and also left a large number of Chinese traditional architectural art treasures for later generations. As a pagoda built in the late Liao Dynasty, the Tianning Temple of Beijing Tianning Temple has typical characteristics of Liao Dynasty. The tower statue takes the content of Buddhism Huayin sect as its theme, and combines the content of explicit teaching and secret teaching. It is beautifully carved and vivid, rich in image content, and has a unique style of Buddhist art. It is of great significance to study the spread and development of Buddhism in Liao Dynasty and the craft of Liao Dynasty. This paper takes Tianning Temple Pagoda as the main research object, adopts the research method of combining field investigation and theoretical analysis, and makes systematic analysis and research on Tianning Temple Pagoda from the two main aspects of Buddhist pagoda type system and decorative art. And summarizes its type system characteristic and the decorative art characteristic. To provide detailed reference materials for the research and protection of the pagoda. This paper divides the research of Tianning Temple into four parts: the first part summarizes the origin and evolution of the pagoda, and through summing up the historical evolution of Tianning Temple and Tianning Temple Tower, reveals the vicissitude of Tianning Temple Pagoda in the past 900 years. The second part summarizes the type system of Liao pagoda and emphatically analyzes the type system of Tianning pagoda, mainly from the base, tower body, dense eaves and tower temples four parts of the detailed introduction and analysis of the characteristics of the type system, summed up the characteristics of the type system of the Tianning pagoda. The third part studies the decorative art of Tianning pagoda, mainly from the two key parts of Xumai and the tower body, and summarizes the artistic characteristics of the decorative art of Tianning Temple. The last part evaluates and prospects the value of Tianning Temple. As an important representative of the late Liao Dynasty pagoda, and also the oldest architectural remains of Beijing, Tianning Temple Tower has extremely important historical and cultural value. The study of its type and decorative art can pave the way for further research and provide accurate data and theoretical support for the protection of this important cultural relic of Tianning Temple. In this part, the conclusions of the previous studies are summarized, and some thoughts in the course of the research are expounded, and some personal views are expressed.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU252
本文編號：2263969
[Abstract]:In 907 AD, the nomadic Qidan ethnic group conquered Shanxi, Hebei and large areas north of Inner Mongolia, north to the Mongolian Plateau and Waixing'an Mountains, and established the Liao Dynasty. The ruling class of Liao Dynasty believed in Buddhism continuously, and almost all people believed in Buddhism in the later period of Liao Dynasty, and a large number of Buddhist temples and pagodas were built in the vast areas ruled by the great Liao Dynasty. Except in Shanxi, Liaoning and other areas, the existing pagodas and pagodas of Liao Dynasty are masonry structures. The pagoda system of Liao Dynasty is unified, with the characteristics of large volume, standard form and exquisite shape. In addition, there are many beautiful sculptures around the pagoda, both reflecting the Buddhist theme of masonry statues and decorative ornaments, reflecting the Liao Dynasty has a very high level of carving technology. In the history of China, the pagoda of Liao Dynasty, especially the masonry dense eaves tower, reached its peak in terms of construction quantity and construction technology, and also left a large number of Chinese traditional architectural art treasures for later generations. As a pagoda built in the late Liao Dynasty, the Tianning Temple of Beijing Tianning Temple has typical characteristics of Liao Dynasty. The tower statue takes the content of Buddhism Huayin sect as its theme, and combines the content of explicit teaching and secret teaching. It is beautifully carved and vivid, rich in image content, and has a unique style of Buddhist art. It is of great significance to study the spread and development of Buddhism in Liao Dynasty and the craft of Liao Dynasty. This paper takes Tianning Temple Pagoda as the main research object, adopts the research method of combining field investigation and theoretical analysis, and makes systematic analysis and research on Tianning Temple Pagoda from the two main aspects of Buddhist pagoda type system and decorative art. And summarizes its type system characteristic and the decorative art characteristic. To provide detailed reference materials for the research and protection of the pagoda. This paper divides the research of Tianning Temple into four parts: the first part summarizes the origin and evolution of the pagoda, and through summing up the historical evolution of Tianning Temple and Tianning Temple Tower, reveals the vicissitude of Tianning Temple Pagoda in the past 900 years. The second part summarizes the type system of Liao pagoda and emphatically analyzes the type system of Tianning pagoda, mainly from the base, tower body, dense eaves and tower temples four parts of the detailed introduction and analysis of the characteristics of the type system, summed up the characteristics of the type system of the Tianning pagoda. The third part studies the decorative art of Tianning pagoda, mainly from the two key parts of Xumai and the tower body, and summarizes the artistic characteristics of the decorative art of Tianning Temple. The last part evaluates and prospects the value of Tianning Temple. As an important representative of the late Liao Dynasty pagoda, and also the oldest architectural remains of Beijing, Tianning Temple Tower has extremely important historical and cultural value. The study of its type and decorative art can pave the way for further research and provide accurate data and theoretical support for the protection of this important cultural relic of Tianning Temple. In this part, the conclusions of the previous studies are summarized, and some thoughts in the course of the research are expounded, and some personal views are expressed.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU252
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前1條
1 陳術石;佟強;;遼塔相關調查及研究概述[J];中國文物科學研究;2012年02期
，本文編號：2263969
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