發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-11 17:47

【摘要】：目的 了解新裝修居室甲醛和氡的污染狀況,初步探討室內(nèi)裝修與人體健康的關(guān)系;研究甲醛對(duì)小鼠的遺傳損傷作用及室內(nèi)裝修產(chǎn)生的綜合污染物對(duì)人體的遺傳毒性;為采取行之有效的衛(wèi)生防護(hù)措施,控制室內(nèi)裝修引起的污染,提高人類生活質(zhì)量提供依據(jù)。 方法 1.隨機(jī)抽取太原市內(nèi)新裝修(裝修時(shí)間在 1 個(gè)月～1 年)住宅55 戶作為裝修組,并選擇未裝修的住宅 30 戶為對(duì)照,檢測(cè)室內(nèi)甲醛和氡的濃度,估計(jì)室內(nèi)污染的綜合水平。2.選用 7~12 周齡健康昆明種小鼠 30只,按體重隨機(jī)分為 5 組:陰性對(duì)照組、低劑量組(1.25mg/m~3)、中劑量組(2.50mg/m~3)、高劑量組(5.00mg/m~3)和陽性對(duì)照組。連續(xù)染毒甲醛 15 天后,取其外周血進(jìn)行單細(xì)胞凝膠電泳試驗(yàn)(彗星試驗(yàn)),取股骨骨髓進(jìn)行嗜多染紅細(xì)胞微核試驗(yàn)。3.采用統(tǒng)一的調(diào)查表對(duì)留居者的健康反應(yīng)進(jìn)行調(diào)查,同時(shí)從所調(diào)查對(duì)象中選取不吸煙飲酒,無有害職業(yè)接觸史人群,采集靜脈血,通過彗星試驗(yàn)和微核試驗(yàn)檢測(cè)裝飾材料揮發(fā)物對(duì)人體細(xì)胞遺傳物質(zhì)的毒性損傷作用,從而尋找有害因素對(duì)健康影響的早期生物學(xué)標(biāo)記和早期監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)。 結(jié)果 1.建筑裝飾材料引起的室內(nèi)空氣污染嚴(yán)重,裝修組室內(nèi)甲醛平均濃度為 0.223 mg/m~3,超過國(guó)家衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(0.10 mg/m~3)1.23 倍,最高濃度達(dá) 0.688 mg/m~3,超標(biāo) 5.88 倍。將監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果按裝修后檢測(cè)時(shí)間是否超過六個(gè)月進(jìn)行分組比較,竣工時(shí)間6 個(gè)月組室內(nèi)甲醛平均濃度為0.273 mg/m~3,其中 90.91%的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)甲醛濃度超標(biāo)�？⒐r(shí)間6 個(gè)月組室內(nèi)甲醛平均濃度為 0.168 mg/m~3,其中 76.67%的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)甲醛濃度超標(biāo)。裝修組室內(nèi)氡濃度平均值為 32.12Bq/m~3, 最高值為 275.28 Bq/m~3,顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。2.彗星試驗(yàn)和微核試驗(yàn)均表明,甲醛可引起小鼠遺傳物質(zhì)的突變,損傷染色體。研究還表明,隨著甲醛濃度增高,微
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the pollution status of formaldehyde and radon in newly decorated rooms, to explore the relationship between indoor decoration and human health, to study the genetic damage of formaldehyde to mice and the genetic toxicity of comprehensive pollutants produced by indoor decoration to human body. To take effective health protection measures, control indoor decoration caused by pollution, improve the quality of human life to provide the basis. Method 1. 55 households of newly decorated houses in Taiyuan were randomly selected as decoration group, and 30 undecorated houses were selected as control, the concentrations of indoor formaldehyde and radon were detected, and the comprehensive level of indoor pollution was estimated. Thirty healthy Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups according to their body weight: negative control group, low dose group (1.25mg/m~3), middle dose group (2.50mg/m~3), high dose group (5.00mg/m~3) and positive control group. After continuous exposure to formaldehyde for 15 days, the peripheral blood samples were collected for single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and femur bone marrow for micronucleus test of polychromatic erythrocyte. A unified questionnaire was used to investigate the health response of the residents. At the same time, no smoking and drinking, no harmful occupational contact history were selected from the subjects, and venous blood was collected. Comet assay and micronucleus test were used to detect the toxic effects of the volatiles of decorative materials on the genetic material of human cells, so as to search for early biological markers and early monitoring indicators of the health effects of harmful factors. Result 1. The indoor air pollution caused by building decoration materials was serious. The average indoor formaldehyde concentration of decoration group was 0.223 mg/m~3, which exceeded the national hygienic standard (0.10 mg/m~3) 1.23 times, and the highest concentration of 0.688 mg/m~3, exceeded the standard 5.88 times. The results of monitoring were compared according to whether the inspection time was longer than six months after decoration. The average indoor formaldehyde concentration was 0.273 mg/m~3, in the 6-month group, and 90.91% of the monitoring points exceeded the standard. The average indoor formaldehyde concentration of 6 months group was 0.168 mg/m~3, and 76.67% of the monitoring points exceeded the standard. The average indoor radon concentration in decoration group was 32.12 Bq / m ~ (3), the highest value was 275.28 Bq/m~3, which was significantly higher than that in control group (P0.05) .2. Comet assay and micronucleus test showed that formaldehyde could induce mutation of genetic material and damage chromosomes in mice. The study also showed that, with the increase of formaldehyde concentration,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：X50

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