【摘要】：門是建筑的出入口,具有物質(zhì)功能和精神功能的雙重屬性,在數(shù)千年的中華文明中演繹出絢爛輝煌的門文化。裝飾是門文化的顯性部分,充分展現(xiàn)了門的精彩魅力。作為中國(guó)北方傳統(tǒng)民居代表之一的晉商大院,其宅門裝飾有著較高的藝術(shù)性和研究?jī)r(jià)值。 晉商大院宅門裝飾藝術(shù)是在山西獨(dú)特的自然、地理環(huán)境,優(yōu)越的經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)條件,濃厚的歷史、民俗文化底蘊(yùn)背景下產(chǎn)生的,受晉商文明“以儒養(yǎng)商”、“儒商相通”、“誠(chéng)信守義”等思想的影響,是晉商財(cái)富與文明高度融合的產(chǎn)物。 晉商大院的宅門裝飾藝術(shù)門類很多,可分為門本身的構(gòu)成裝飾、門前的附設(shè)裝飾、以及門的應(yīng)時(shí)裝飾。這三大裝飾門類又有多個(gè)裝飾細(xì)節(jié)：如鳥斯革、如暈斯飛的門頭；集字、印、雕、色之大成的門匾和楹聯(lián)；象征香火永傳的門簪；叩環(huán)傳訊的門鈸；美觀實(shí)用的門釘和看葉；象征主人身份的門檻、旗桿；堪稱石雕精品的門枕和上下馬石；保護(hù)宅院隱私的照壁；驅(qū)邪祈福的門神；烘托春節(jié)喜慶的福字和對(duì)聯(lián)以及一系列應(yīng)時(shí)“軟”裝飾等。 晉商大院的宅門裝飾題材豐富,寓意深刻,形式多樣,技藝精湛,是中國(guó)農(nóng)耕社會(huì)文化與晉商商業(yè)文明的縮影。它體現(xiàn)了晉商“尊儒崇禮”、“祈福求吉”的高雅追求和樸素愿望以及“以禮為本”、“以祥為美”的裝飾思想內(nèi)涵。 隨著市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和城市化進(jìn)程的加快,傳統(tǒng)的門飾藝術(shù)顯然已經(jīng)不能完全適合現(xiàn)代的建筑類型。但是,它對(duì)于空間序列的塑造力和作為視覺中心的凝聚力并未消退,對(duì)現(xiàn)代建筑設(shè)計(jì)仍有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。加之,它的裝飾內(nèi)容和寓意發(fā)生了深刻的變化,在長(zhǎng)久的文化發(fā)展進(jìn)程中已經(jīng)幻化為一種符號(hào),并因?yàn)樗囆g(shù)領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大和傳播媒介的增多擁有了更加廣泛的設(shè)計(jì)載體�，F(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)如在自由創(chuàng)作中取傳統(tǒng)文化之精華,兩者便可同生共長(zhǎng)。
[Abstract]:The door is the entrance and exit of architecture, with the dual attributes of material function and spiritual function, and the splendid door culture has been deduced in the Chinese civilization for thousands of years. Decoration is the dominant part of door culture, fully showing the wonderful charm of the door. As one of the representatives of traditional folk houses in northern China, the residence door decoration of Shanxi Merchants Courtyard has higher artistic and research value. The decorative art of the gate of Shanxi's large courtyard was produced under the background of Shanxi's unique natural, geographical environment, superior economy, technical conditions, strong history and folk culture. It was "raised by Confucianism" and "interlinked by Confucianism" by Shanxi merchants' civilization. The influence of "honesty and righteousness" is the result of the combination of wealth and civilization of Shanxi merchants. There are many kinds of decorative art categories in Jin merchants' courtyard, which can be divided into the composition decoration of the door itself, the accessory decoration of the front door, and the decoration of the door in time. The three major decorative categories also have a number of decorative details: such as birdsleaver, such as the halo of the head of the door; set character, print, carving, color of the large door plaque and couplets; symbolize the eternal spread of the door hairpin; clatter ring of the door cymbals; beautiful and practical door nail and look at the leaves; The doorsill that symbolizes master status, flagpole; door pillow and upper and lower horse stone that can be called stone carving fine goods; protect the privacy of the house; the door god of exorcism and pray for blessing; the blessing character and couplet of setting off the Spring Festival; and a series of "soft" decoration and so on. The decoration of residence door in Jinshang compound is a microcosm of the culture of Chinese farming society and the commercial civilization of Shanxi Merchants because of its rich themes, profound meanings, various forms and exquisite craftsmanship. It embodies the elegant pursuit and simple desire of Jin merchants "respecting Confucianism and worshiping Rites", "praying for good fortune" and the decorative connotation of "taking propriety as the basis" and "taking Xiang as the beauty". With the development of market economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the traditional door decoration art is obviously not suitable for modern architecture. However, it still has an important guiding significance to the modern architectural design, because it does not fade to the molding force of space sequence and the cohesion as a visual center. In addition, its decorative content and moral have undergone profound changes, in the long process of cultural development has been transformed into a symbol, and because of the expansion of the art field and the increase of the media has a more extensive design carrier. If modern design takes the essence of traditional culture in free creation, both can grow together.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：J525

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