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  本文選題：裝飾裝修材料　切入點：甲醛　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文旨在對裝飾裝修材料所致室內(nèi)空氣的甲醛污染以及室內(nèi)空氣甲醛主要污染源人造木板的甲醛釋放進行了實驗和研究。 (1)用酚試劑分光光度法對毛坯房和精裝房室內(nèi)空氣中甲醛的進行檢測,結(jié)合室內(nèi)裝修狀況進行分析,得出結(jié)論如下： ①毛坯房室內(nèi)所使用的建筑材料不是造成室內(nèi)空氣甲醛污染的污染源； ②室內(nèi)甲醛污染與室內(nèi)裝飾裝修程度有關(guān),裝修程度越復(fù)雜甲醛濃度越高,通常室內(nèi)甲醛濃度精裝房簡裝房毛坯房； ③裝修完工時間越長室內(nèi)甲醛濃度越低,通常情況下裝修完工后3個月以內(nèi)室內(nèi)空氣中甲醛合格率較低； ④室內(nèi)甲醛污染與裝修密度有關(guān),裝飾裝修材料在室內(nèi)單位空間體積內(nèi)使用量越大甲醛濃度越高,即使室內(nèi)所用的裝飾裝修材料以及家具等產(chǎn)品的甲醛釋放量符合相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),也會由于材料使用密度過大造成室內(nèi)空氣甲醛的污染； ⑤室內(nèi)甲醛污染與裝飾裝修材料的選擇有關(guān),如地面鋪設(shè)各類木地板的房間高于鋪設(shè)瓷磚的房間,墻面粘貼壁紙的房間高于墻面粉刷乳膠漆的房間； ⑥地面鋪設(shè)的各類木地板、各種板材制成的木質(zhì)家具等人造板材制品對室內(nèi)空氣中的甲醛貢獻最大,是室內(nèi)甲醛污染的主要污染源,控制好室內(nèi)人造板材及其制品這一污染源,將會有效降低室內(nèi)空氣中的甲醛濃度; ⑦室內(nèi)空氣中甲醛濃度與室內(nèi)溫度有關(guān),室內(nèi)溫度越高,裝飾裝修材料中的甲醛釋放速率就越快,室內(nèi)空氣中甲醛濃度也就越大。 (2)用干燥器法對人造木板的甲醛釋放量進行檢測和分析,得出結(jié)論如下： ①人造木板的甲醛釋放量隨溫度升高而增大,25℃以上增大尤為顯著,由此可以推斷,室溫越高室內(nèi)空氣中甲醛濃度越高,這與人造木板甲醛釋放量隨溫度升高而增大有關(guān)。 ②人造木板放置時間越長甲醛釋放量越小,但減小到一定程度后甲醛釋放量達到平衡,板材將以穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)向周圍環(huán)境釋放甲醛,在室溫條件下長時間晾置,板材甲醛釋放量很難繼續(xù)減小。 ③經(jīng)過熱處理后的人造木板甲醛釋放量減小,熱處理溫度越高,熱處理后的板材甲醛釋放量越小,如果熱處理溫度過高時板材會發(fā)生了變形、開裂等現(xiàn)象,影響了板材其它性能指標(biāo),另外從節(jié)能低耗的角度考慮,且不影響板材其它性能指標(biāo),保守建議熱處理溫度在40℃～60℃之間。 ④人造木板表面經(jīng)過密封處理后甲醛釋放量減小顯著,這一方法尤其適用于處理甲醛釋放量較高的板材,經(jīng)表面密封處理的板材能夠達到E1級水平,可直接用于室內(nèi)。 (3)對控制裝飾裝修材料導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)加醛污染的實際指導(dǎo)意義： ①裝飾裝修過程中對材料進行正確選擇和科學(xué)合理的使用,盡量選擇甲醛釋放量小的材料。例如,地面裝修材料瓷磚和純實木地板優(yōu)于復(fù)合木地板和地毯；墻面裝修材料,水性內(nèi)墻乳膠漆優(yōu)于壁紙和木質(zhì)吸聲板,木質(zhì)吸聲板刻用無機材料為主的礦棉吸聲板代替。 ②人造木板在加工使用前科進行40℃～60℃熱處理，，使板材中的甲醛快速釋放,達到平衡穩(wěn)定的較低程度。 ③對人造木板制成的產(chǎn)平，要做好表面的的密封處理。如家具里外兩面的板材、板材暴露的界面和端面、人造木地板的接口處也要做好密封處理。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the formaldehyde pollution of indoor air caused by decoration materials, and the formaldehyde emission from artificial wood boards, which is the main source of indoor air formaldehyde.
(1) the phenol reagent spectrophotometry was used to detect the formaldehyde in the indoor air of the billet room and the hardcover room, and the indoor decoration condition was analyzed. The conclusions were as follows:
(1) the building materials used in the room are not the source of pollution of indoor air formaldehyde pollution;
The indoor formaldehyde pollution and indoor decoration decoration degree, the more complex the formaldehyde concentration is high, usually the indoor formaldehyde concentration hardcover paperback room blank room;
(3) the longer the completion time of the decoration is, the lower the formaldehyde concentration in indoor, the formaldehyde qualified rate in indoor air is lower within 3 months after the completion of the decoration.
The indoor formaldehyde pollution and decoration related to the density of decoration materials in the indoor unit space volume using the greater the amount of formaldehyde concentration is high, even if the formaldehyde for indoor decoration materials and furniture products emissions meet the corresponding standards, also due to the use of materials density is too large to cause indoor air formaldehyde pollution;
(5) indoor formaldehyde pollution is related to the selection of decoration materials, such as laying all kinds of wooden floors on the ground is higher than that for laying ceramic tiles, and the walls with wallpaper pasted on wallpaper are higher than those with walls painted with latex paint.
All kinds of wooden floor and laying on the ground, all kinds of plates made of wooden furniture and other man-made sheet products for maximum contribution of formaldehyde in indoor air, is the main source of indoor formaldehyde pollution, control of indoor formaldehyde and its products, the sources of pollution, will effectively reduce the formaldehyde concentration in indoor air;
The concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air and indoor temperature, indoor temperature is high, decoration materials formaldehyde release rate is faster, the concentration of formaldehyde in indoor air is also bigger.
(2) the amount of formaldehyde released from artificial wood board was detected and analyzed by the dryer method, and the conclusion was as follows:
(1) the formaldehyde emission of artificial wood boards increased with the increase of temperature, especially above 25 degree. It can be concluded that the higher the indoor temperature, the higher the formaldehyde concentration in indoor air is, which is related to the increase of formaldehyde emission from wood panels with the increase of temperature.
2. The longer the laying time of artificial boards, the smaller the amount of formaldehyde released. However, when the time is reduced to a certain extent, the formaldehyde emission will reach a balance. The plate will release formaldehyde to the surrounding environment in a stable state, and the formaldehyde emission from plate will not continue to decrease at room temperature for a long time.
The after heat treatment of artificial wood formaldehyde emissions decreased, the higher the temperature after heat treatment, formaldehyde release quantity is small, if the heat treatment temperature is too high will plate deformation, cracking phenomenon, affect the other plate performance index, also from the view of energy saving and low consumption, and no influence board other performance indicators, proposed conservative heat treatment temperature between 40 to 60 degrees centigrade.
4. The formaldehyde emission on the surface of wood-based panels is reduced significantly after sealing treatment. This method is especially suitable for the treatment of plates with high formaldehyde emission. The surface treated boards can reach E1 level and can be directly applied indoors.
(3) the practical guiding significance of controlling decoration and decorating materials to indoor aldehyde pollution:
The correct choice of the scientific and rational use of materials in the decoration process, try to choose a small amount of formaldehyde release materials. For example, ground decoration materials tile and pure solid wood flooring is better than composite wood floors and carpets; wall decoration materials, water-based latex paint for interior wall is better than that of wall paper and wooden sound-absorbing board, wooden sound-absorbing board mineral wool acoustic board is mainly made of inorganic materials instead.
(2) the artificial wood board is heat treated at 40 to 60 C in the process of processing and use, so as to release the formaldehyde in the plate quickly and achieve a lower degree of balance and stability.
3. For the production of artificial wood boards, we must do well in the surface sealing treatment. For example, the inside and outside surfaces of furniture, the exposed interfaces and ends of boards, and the interface of man-made wood flooring should also be well sealed.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X799.1;X512

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本文編號：1636670