本文選題：交通微環(huán)境　切入點：鄰苯二甲酸酯　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國公安部交通管理局的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)顯示,近年來我國機動車的保有量迅猛增長,機動車使用率持續(xù)增高。加之城市范圍增大,交通擁擠的現(xiàn)象越來越嚴重,導(dǎo)致駕乘人員停留在交通微環(huán)境中的時間越來越長。交通微環(huán)境空氣中污染物,特別是新型的半揮發(fā)性有機污染物(如鄰苯二甲酸酯PAEs)的污染、健康危害及其控制也受到了越來越多的關(guān)注。本文擴展介紹了15種鄰苯二甲酸酯的性質(zhì)、使用、毒性；綜述了國內(nèi)外室內(nèi)空氣中鄰苯二甲酸酯的最新污染研究進展；歸納了限制PAEs含量的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)；概括了微環(huán)境空氣中PAEs的暴露健康風險。通過對常用的有毒PAEs的調(diào)查,豐富了PAEs污染物研究的種類；在前人的基礎(chǔ)上優(yōu)化了色譜條件。優(yōu)化的色譜條件與之前分析時間相差不多,且具有響應(yīng)度高、能同時區(qū)分15種樣品、各樣品峰之間區(qū)分度高、出峰穩(wěn)定的特點。方法檢測限范圍為19.32-41.29ng/m3,滿足室內(nèi)外環(huán)境空氣樣品的定量分析條件。確定了交通微環(huán)境空氣中PAEs的分析方法。本文研究了6種不同出行方式所處的交通微環(huán)境空氣中15種PAEs的濃度水平和特征。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)∑PAEs濃度呈現(xiàn)出私家車公交車出租車地鐵電瓶車步行出行的趨勢,其處所微環(huán)境空氣中PAEs的濃度分別為63505、50405、46057、43727、3113.8、1438.5 ng/m3。公交出行時∑PAEs濃度呈現(xiàn)出電動公交車空調(diào)公交車普通公交車校區(qū)巴士,郊區(qū)城區(qū)旅游區(qū),高峰期非高峰期的趨勢；地鐵和出租出行時∑PAEs濃度呈現(xiàn)均出高峰期非高峰期的趨勢；步行出行時∑PAEs濃度呈現(xiàn)均出入行道人行小道的趨勢。最后以毒性最大的DEHP為代表,分析了不同人群在交通微環(huán)境中PAEs的呼吸暴露量,評估了其對不同年齡段、不同性別的乘客和司機產(chǎn)生的致癌風險,并提出了合理出行建議。分析結(jié)果顯示不論采取何種出行方式,交通微環(huán)境空氣中的DEHP對2-3歲男孩乘客的致癌風險最高；對于地鐵、公交和出租車司機,致癌風險最高的是年齡段為18-21歲的男司機。出行方式上,步行的健康風險最小,路程較短時,建議步行；若采用機動車輛,當路程小于12.23 km時,乘坐地鐵風險較小；當路程大于12.23 km時,乘坐出租車風險較小。交通微環(huán)境中氣態(tài)與顆粒態(tài)PAEs比約為1,居室中氣態(tài)與顆粒態(tài)AEs濃度比約為1.6,可見交通微環(huán)境空氣中顆粒態(tài)PAEs所占比例更大。6種∑PAEs濃度呈現(xiàn)出私家車公交車出租車地鐵新裝修家庭的趨勢,各機動車車廂空氣中6種∑PAEs濃度與新裝修家庭比值分別為2.5、2.0、1.9、1.8,可見交通微環(huán)境空氣中PAEs的污染更為嚴重,更加需要引起人們的關(guān)注和重視。本文首次系統(tǒng)地研究了交通微環(huán)境空氣中PAEs的濃度水平、污染特征及健康風險,完善了室內(nèi)空氣中PAEs污染的特征數(shù)據(jù)庫,為了解我國交通微環(huán)境空氣中PAEs的污染現(xiàn)狀、規(guī)定我國交通微環(huán)境空氣中PAEs的濃度限值、制定我國交通微環(huán)境空氣中PAEs的質(zhì)量標準提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和理論支持。
[Abstract]:Statistics of China's Ministry of Public Security Traffic Management Bureau show that in recent years China's rapid growth in vehicle ownership, vehicle usage rate increased continuously. The city expanded, traffic congestion is becoming more and more serious, leading to the occupants in traffic micro environment in time. More and more traffic micro environment of air pollutants in particular, semi volatile organic pollutants in the model (such as phthalate two formic acid ester PAEs) pollution, health hazards and control has attracted more and more attention. This paper introduces the properties of 15 kinds of expansion, adjacent benzene two formic ester, toxicity; reviewed the latest pollution phthalate two formic acid ester in China outside in the indoor air; summarizes the relevant laws and regulations limit the content of PAEs; summarizes the micro PAEs in ambient air exposure to health risks. Through the investigation of the toxic PAEs commonly used, rich PAEs pollutants Study on the species; on the basis of previous optimization of the chromatographic conditions. The optimum chromatographic conditions and before the analysis time is not much difference, and has high sensitivity, can also distinguish between 15 kinds of samples, the samples peak high differentiation characteristic peak stability. The detection limit is in the range of 19.32-41.29ng/m3, meet the quantitative environmental air sample analysis of indoor and outdoor conditions. The analysis method of traffic micro PAEs in ambient air. The levels and characteristics of 15 kinds of PAEs were studied on 6 different travel modes of the traffic environment in the air. Results showed that total PAEs concentration showed a private car bus taxi subway car battery pedestrian travel trend. The concentration of the premises of micro PAEs in ambient air were 635055040546057437273113.81438.5 ng/m3. bus travel when the total PAEs concentration showed the electric bus air conditioning bus common bus The car campus bus, the suburb tourist area, the peak of the trend of non peak travel; subway and taxi total PAEs concentration presented a peak off peak trend; pedestrian travel when total PAEs concentration presented a * * * pedestrian trend. Finally to trail the most toxic DEHP, analysis of different groups in micro traffic in the environment of PAEs respiratory exposure, the evaluation of different ages, different gender of the carcinogenic risk of passengers and drivers have, and put forward reasonable suggestions. Travel analysis showed that no matter what the way to travel, traffic micro environment in the air DEHP of 2-3 year old boy passengers for the subway, the highest risk of cancer; bus and taxi drivers, the carcinogenic risk is the highest age is 18-21 year old driver. On the way to travel on foot, the minimum health risk, shorter distance, the proposed walk if using machine; A moving vehicle, when the distance is less than 12.23 km, take the subway to lower risk; when the distance is greater than 12.23 km, the taxi ride less risk. Traffic micro environment in gaseous and particulate PAEs was about 1, the room gas and particulate AEs concentration was about 1.6, the visible particles in the air traffic micro environment for PAEs a greater proportion of.6 total PAEs concentration showed a new private car bus taxi subway home decoration trend, the carriage of motor vehicles in the air of 6 Sigma PAEs concentration and the ratio of the newly renovated home were 2.5,2.0,1.9,1.8, traffic pollution visible micro PAEs in air pollution is more serious, more and more attention for the first time. Systematic study of the concentration of PAEs in air traffic micro environment, pollution characteristics and health risk, improve the feature database of PAEs pollution in indoor air, in order to understand the micro environment of air transport in China The pollution status of PAEs in China, stipulates the concentration limit of PAEs in the air of traffic microenvironment in China, and provides scientific basis and theoretical support for formulating the quality standard of PAEs in air traffic micro environment in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X73;X51

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