本文關鍵詞： 甲醛 活性炭 納米TiO_2 吸附 降解 椰炭纖維　出處：《西安工程大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著生活水平的提高和生活方式的改變，人們在室內生活的時間越來越長，室內空氣質量的優(yōu)劣直接影響到人們的生活和工作。人們一直認為空氣污染嚴重的是室外。但是從現實情況看，，室內空氣質量遠不如室外大氣環(huán)境。室內空氣污染程度常比室外空氣污染嚴重2～3倍，在某些情況下，甚至可達100多倍。特別是近年來，由揮發(fā)性有機物(VOCs)造成的室內空氣污染所引發(fā)的一系列問題已引起人們廣泛關注。這些VOCs主要包括甲醛、苯、低級醇和酮及鹵代物等，其中大部分為致癌物質，如苯、氯乙烯等。如何消除這些揮發(fā)性有機物，減少其對人體健康帶來的威脅，已經成為現在研究的熱點問題。 本課題擬利用活性炭的吸附作用和納米TiO_2的光催化作用，嘗試采用兩種不同的方法，開發(fā)可吸附降解室內有機污染物(主要是甲醛等）的裝飾織物。雖然在吸附與降解相結合方面做的比較多的是空調過濾材料，但是作為室內裝飾重要組成部分的裝飾織物，如果其具有吸附、降解性能，與空調過濾材料相比，其具有與空氣直接接觸、接觸面積大和無需耗能即能對室內氣體進行凈化的優(yōu)點，具有更大的潛力。通過本課題的實驗，探索生產該織物的最佳工藝流程，為今后該種織物的大量生產提供一定的理論依據。 本課題采用的第一種方法是利用椰炭纖維這一活性炭纖維，開發(fā)具有優(yōu)良吸附性能的椰炭/棉交織裝飾織物，而后利用納米TiO_2對其進行整理，使其具有光催化性能。本課題先測試了椰炭/棉混紡紗線的性能，根據測試結果，得出結論：該紗線的強力較低，毛羽較多，不能滿足劍桿織機上機的要求。根據測試結果，研究了紗線的上漿工藝，對紗線進行了上漿，經測試，上漿后的紗線滿足上機的要求。于是在劍桿織機上開發(fā)了九種不同的椰炭/棉交織裝飾織物，經測試，織物對甲醛具有良好的吸附性能，且緞紋織物的吸附性能最好。選用緞紋織物為基布，對其進行納米TiO_2整理，然后研究其對甲醛的吸附、降解性能。結果表明：當椰炭纖維含量為45%、分散液濃度為85g/L、焙烘溫度為180℃時的實驗效果最好，此時織物對甲醛的吸附降解率可達到98.70%。 但是椰炭纖維是一種新型纖維，在裝飾織物方面應用的較少，目前市場上的裝飾織物都是傳統織物，針對這一情況，本課題采用第二種方法開發(fā)高吸附光催化自清潔裝飾織物。第二種方法是選用與椰炭/棉交織物相同規(guī)格的純棉織物為基布，采用納米TiO_2和活性炭對其進行整理，然后研究其對甲醛的吸附、降解性能。結果表明：當分散液濃度為75g/L、活性炭含量為36%、焙烘溫度為178℃時實驗效果最好，此時織物對甲醛的吸附降解率可達到98.20%。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of living standard and the change of life style, people spend more and more time indoors. Indoor air quality has a direct impact on people's lives and work. People always think that air pollution is serious outdoor. But from the reality, Indoor air quality is far worse than outdoor atmospheric environment. Indoor air pollution is often 2 times worse than outdoor air pollution, and in some cases it can even reach more than 100 times. In particular, in recent years, A series of problems caused by indoor air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have aroused widespread concern. These VOCs mainly include formaldehyde, benzene, lower alcohols, ketones and halogenates, most of which are carcinogens, such as benzene. How to eliminate these volatile organic compounds and reduce the threat to human health has become a hot issue. In this paper, the adsorption of activated carbon and photocatalysis of nanometer TiO_2 are used to try to use two different methods. Development of decorative fabrics that can adsorb and degrade indoor organic pollutants (mainly formaldehyde and so on). Although the combination of adsorption and degradation is mostly done in air conditioning filtration materials, as an important part of interior decoration, decorative fabrics, If it has the properties of adsorption and degradation, it has the advantages of direct contact with air, large contact area and the ability to purify indoor gas without consuming energy, compared with the filter material of air conditioning. In order to provide theoretical basis for mass production of this kind of fabric in the future, the best technological process of producing the fabric is explored. The first method used in this paper is to develop coconut carbon / cotton interwoven decorative fabric with excellent adsorption performance by using coconut charcoal fiber as active carbon fiber, and then finishing it with nanometer TiO_2. First, the performance of coconut charcoal / cotton blended yarn was tested. According to the test results, it was concluded that the yarn had lower strength and more hairiness, which could not meet the requirements of rapier loom. The sizing process of yarns was studied, and the sizing of yarns was carried out. It was found that the sizing yarns met the requirements of the machines. Nine kinds of coconut charcoal / cotton interwoven decorative fabrics were developed on the rapier looms and tested. Fabric has good adsorption performance to formaldehyde, and satin fabric has the best adsorption property. Select satin fabric as substrate, carry on nanometer TiO_2 finishing to it, then study its adsorption to formaldehyde, The results showed that when the content of coconut carbon fiber was 45g / L, the concentration of dispersion was 85g / L, and the baking temperature was 180 鈩

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