本文關(guān)鍵詞： 油菜秸稈 聚氯乙烯 木塑材料 裝飾材料 復(fù)合材料　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 近年來，隨著人民生活水平的提高，工程建筑、裝飾裝修蓬勃發(fā)展，同時對建筑材料提出了適用經(jīng)濟、美觀環(huán)保的要求。傳統(tǒng)木材盡管社會需求量仍然很大，但是由于森林資源的日益匾乏，以及木材自身存在的缺點，使用上受到很大的限制。而利用油菜秸稈等植物秸稈類生物質(zhì)原料代替木材與塑料復(fù)合制備新型生物質(zhì)塑料復(fù)合裝飾材料，可充分利用廢棄生物質(zhì)資源，避免焚燒時所造成的環(huán)境污染，近年來越來越受到人們的重視。本實驗研究證明：將油菜秸稈粉進行一定的物理、化學(xué)改性處理之后，可以明顯改善油菜秸稈粉和塑料的相容性，提高復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能和加工性能，可為湖北省油菜作物的綜合利用，提高油菜產(chǎn)后附加值、增加農(nóng)民收入，提供一條可靠的途徑。 本課題在綜述木材-塑料復(fù)合材料(WPC)國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢的基礎(chǔ)上，提出研究開發(fā)油菜秸稈-PVC復(fù)合裝飾材料，并針對油菜秸稈-PVC復(fù)合裝飾材料中存在的問題，提出了用堿化氨化法和偶聯(lián)劑法聯(lián)合改善油菜秸稈粉與PVC相容性的新思路：以油菜秸稈粉為主要原料，采用堿化氨化法對油菜秸稈纖維預(yù)處理后再用偶聯(lián)劑進行疏水化改性，輔以增塑、交聯(lián)、增強反應(yīng)，通過模壓或擠出工藝制備油菜秸稈裝飾材料。 本研究的主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下： 1．油菜秸稈的熱分解分為4個階段：第一個階段從50℃到100℃是物料中的游離水分蒸發(fā)階段；第二個階段是從100℃到230℃，油菜秸稈發(fā)生緩慢解聚；第三個階段是從230℃到710℃，是纖維素和半纖維素還有木質(zhì)素的熱分解階段；最后一個階段是從710℃到900℃，為剩余木質(zhì)素的熱分解和碳化階段。在熱解的主要溫度區(qū)間230～380℃，不同加熱速率下其活化能分別為44.5KJ／mol、53.7 KJ／mol、57.5KJ／mol。 2．在105℃下干燥2h可有效去除油菜秸稈水分，其失重率控制在0.5％以內(nèi)。干燥后油菜秸稈粉的回吸試驗表明：80目油菜秸稈粉的回潮率最大，48h后可達19.96％，因此油菜秸稈粉干燥后1小時內(nèi)需裝入防水塑料袋中封存，以防止回潮現(xiàn)象發(fā)生。 3．油菜秸稈粉在200℃高溫下加熱時間超過5min之后，色度增加值(DE)才會出現(xiàn)大幅上升，因此在正常的加工條件下其色度變化完全可以滿足產(chǎn)品的要求 4．經(jīng)過堿化氨化法聯(lián)合處理油菜秸稈粉之后，可以大幅降低其結(jié)晶度，最佳處理時間為24h。 5．雙氨基硅烷對油菜秸稈粉的疏水化改性效果最好，并采用正交實驗得出最佳改性條件為雙氨基硅烷用量為油菜秸稈粉重量的2.5％，改性時間2h，改性溫度100℃，攪拌速度850r／min。 6．確定了油菜秸稈粉的最佳粒徑為80目；在裝飾材料中間的最佳填充量為80份；并確定了增塑劑DOP的最佳用量為7.5份；最佳增韌劑為ACR-401，其最佳用量為12份；填充劑稻谷殼與油菜秸稈粉的最佳用量比為2：3，最佳脫模劑為由液體石蠟和硬脂酸按1：1組成的復(fù)合脫模劑，用量為2份，交聯(lián)劑DCP的最佳用量為1.8份。 7．雙螺桿擠出機對植物性纖維在PVC基體的分散和塑化作用強于單螺桿擠出機，在植物纖維填充量一定的條件下，新料PVC制成產(chǎn)品的性能高于回收料PVC制成產(chǎn)品的性能 8．采用三因素二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗得出機頭溫度、主機轉(zhuǎn)速和熔體壓力對油菜稈薄板的力學(xué)性能影響的三元二次回歸方程為：Y=-1447.1923+17.8519Z_1-9.3677Z_2+33.6714Z_3+0.1788Z_1Z_2-0.0609Z_1~2-0.67222Z_2~2-4.8102Z_3~2，，確定了各因素的最優(yōu)試驗水平為：機頭溫度169.55℃，主機轉(zhuǎn)速15.58rpm，熔體壓力3.5 MPa。在這最佳工藝條件下，最佳產(chǎn)品的力學(xué)性能和衛(wèi)生指標(biāo)分別為：彎曲強度27.3MPa，彎曲彈性模量1747MPa，抗曲實驗19mm。達到部頒標(biāo)準(zhǔn)BB／T0020-2001(參考木塑托盤技術(shù)要求)，表面耐香煙灼燒性符合GB／T15102-94標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求，無黃斑、黑斑、裂紋、鼓泡，甲醛含量為0mg／100g。 9．油菜稈薄板在25℃水中48h后吸水率僅為4.98％，當(dāng)空氣的相對濕度在60到100范圍以內(nèi)，油菜稈薄板樣品的最大吸潮率為4.75％，適應(yīng)環(huán)境較好，不易吸潮 以上的基礎(chǔ)研究為農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄資源的綜合利用以及農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)化開辟了一條嶄新的途徑，為解決“三農(nóng)”問題提供了一定的理論依據(jù)和實際參考。因此，本研究項目具有顯著的經(jīng)濟、社會和環(huán)保三重效益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, building decoration engineering, development, and application of economic building materials is proposed, appearance and environmental protection requirements. The traditional wood although the social demand is still great, but due to the increasing scarcity of forest resources, as well as the shortcomings of wood, the use is very limited. The rape straw plant strawinstead of wood plastic composite and preparation of new biomass plastic composite decorative material, can make full use of waste biomass resources, avoid the environmental pollution caused by burning, in recent years more and more attention. This study shows that the rape straw was a physical, after the chemical modification can improve the compatibility of rape straw powder and plastic, improve the mechanical properties and processing properties of the composites, for Hubei The comprehensive utilization of rape crops in the province, increase the added value after rape and increase the income of farmers, provide a reliable way.
This topic in the review of wood plastic composite (WPC) based on the present situation and development trend of research at home and abroad, put forward the research and development of rape straw -PVC composite decorative materials, and the existence of rape straw -PVC composite decoration materials problems, and put forward new ideas with coupling agent and alkaline ammoniation method combined with improved rapestraw compatibility with PVC: the rape straw powder as the main raw materials of rape straw fiber pretreated by coupling agent hydrophobic modified by alkaline ammoniation method, with plasticizer, crosslinking, enhanced reaction by molding or extrusion process for preparation of rape straw decorative materials.
The main contents and conclusions of this study are as follows:
1. rape straw thermal decomposition is divided into 4 stages: the first stage is from 50 to 100 DEG C. free water evaporation stage in the materials; the second stage is from 100 DEG to 230 DEG C, rape straw slowly depolymerization; the third stage is from 230 DEG to 710 DEG C, cellulose and hemicellulose thermal and lignin decomposition stage; the last stage is from 710 C to 900 C for the decomposition of residual lignin and carbonization heat stage. In the main pyrolysis temperature range of 230~380 DEG C, the activation energy under different heating rates were 53.7 44.5KJ / mol, KJ / mol, 57.5KJ / mol.
2. at 105 deg.c 2H can effectively remove the rape straw moisture, the weight loss rate was less than 0.5%. After drying the rape straw suction test showed that 80 orders of rape straw powder moisture regain, 48h up to 19.96%, so the rape straw dry after 1 hours of storage must be packed in waterproof plastic bag. In order to prevent the resurgence of the phenomenon.
3., when the rape stalk powder is heated at more than 200 5min, the color added value (DE) will increase significantly. Therefore, under normal processing conditions, the color change can completely meet the requirements of the product.
4. after the combined treatment of rape straw powder by alkalization ammoniation method, the crystallinity can be reduced greatly. The optimum treatment time is 24h.
5., the effect of hydrophobicity modification of rape straw flour was best by using double amino silane. The best modification condition was obtained by orthogonal experiment. The best modification conditions were the dosage of double amino silane, the weight of rape straw powder 2.5%, the modification time 2h, the modified temperature 100 degrees, and the stirring speed 850r / min..
6. determine the rape straw powder the optimum size is 80 mesh; the best filling volume of decoration materials among 80 copies; and to determine the optimal dosage of plasticizer DOP increase is 7.5; the best toughening agent for ACR-401, the best dosage is 12; rice husk and rape straw powder filler with optimum amount is 2:3, the best compound release agent release agent for liquid paraffin and stearic acid according to the composition of 1:1 dosage is 2, the best dosage of crosslinking agent DCP was 1.8 phr.
7. the twin screw extruder has stronger effect on the dispersion and plasticization of plant fiber in the PVC matrix than the single screw extruder. When the plant fiber volume is certain, the performance of the new material PVC is better than that of the recycled material PVC.
8. by three factors and two orthogonal revolving combination experiments the temperature effect, the engine speed and the melt pressure on the mechanical properties of the sheet of rape straw three yuan two times the regression equation: Y=-1447.1923+17.8519Z_1-9.3677Z_2+33.6714Z_3+0.1788Z_1Z_2-0.0609Z_1~2-0.67222Z_2~ 2-4.8102Z_3~2 test to determine the optimal level of each factor: the head temperature is 169.55 degrees centigrade, the engine speed 15.58rpm, melt pressure of 3.5 MPa. in the under the optimal conditions, the mechanical properties of the best products and health indicators were: flexural strength 27.3MPa, flexural modulus 1747MPa, bending experiment of 19mm. reached Buban standard BB / T0020-2001 (reference wood pallet technical requirements), the surface of cigarette igniting resistance with GB / T15102-94 standard, without macular, dark spots, crack, drum global formaldehyde content is 0mg / 100g..
9., the water absorption rate of Rape Stalk sheet is only 4.98% when 48h is in 25 C water. When the relative humidity of air is in the range of 60 to 100, the maximum moisture absorption rate of Rape Stalk sheet sample is 4.75%, which is suitable for environment and is not easy to absorb moisture.
To open up a new way for comprehensive utilization of the theories above waste resources for agriculture and agricultural industrialization, provides a theoretical basis and practical reference for solving the problem of "three agriculture". Therefore, this research project has significant economic, social and environmental benefits of three.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：TU564

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 黃凱;乙�；男缘静莸臒崴苄匝芯縖D];江南大學(xué);2012年

2 姜海楊;北方白菜型冬油菜耐遲播性研究及花芽分化過程觀察[D];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：1530116