本文關(guān)鍵詞： 空氣污染 健康調(diào)查 甲醛 苯 微核試驗 遺傳毒性　出處：《瀘州醫(yī)學(xué)院》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 目的:通過現(xiàn)場問卷調(diào)查的方式了解與裝修材料接觸密切的室內(nèi)裝修工人的健康狀況,探討室內(nèi)空氣污染物是否會對人體健康產(chǎn)生不良影響;根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果,進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行室內(nèi)空氣污染現(xiàn)場檢測和動物毒性實驗研究。采用酚試劑分光光度法測定新裝修和未裝修居室內(nèi)甲醛濃度以及氣相色譜法測定苯的濃度,并做比較,以了解瀘州市區(qū)內(nèi)室內(nèi)空氣污染的現(xiàn)狀。并以監(jiān)測的主要污染物苯和甲醛的平均檢測濃度為依據(jù),染毒小鼠,通過小鼠骨髓細(xì)胞微核試驗,研究室內(nèi)主要空氣染污物苯與甲醛單獨及聯(lián)合作用對小鼠骨髓細(xì)胞的致突變作用。方法:采用單純隨機(jī)抽樣方法抽取200名瀘州市市區(qū)內(nèi)長期從事室內(nèi)裝修作業(yè)的工人,同時抽取其他工種的工人200例作對照,采用健康問卷調(diào)查兩組人群患病情況,從而了解室內(nèi)空氣污染物是否會對人體健康產(chǎn)生不良影響。根據(jù)瀘州市區(qū)內(nèi)新裝修住宅裝修程度分為簡單裝修組及復(fù)雜裝修組,以未裝修居室空氣作對照,采用KB-6E型空氣采樣器,用10ml大型氣泡吸收管收集室內(nèi)空氣甲醛,用一次性活性炭采樣管收集室內(nèi)空氣苯。分別用酚試劑分光光度法及溶劑解析氣相色譜法分析室內(nèi)甲醛及苯的濃度,把實際檢測的室內(nèi)甲醛及苯的平均濃度作為基礎(chǔ)劑量染毒組來設(shè)計動物染毒劑量,經(jīng)靜式呼吸道途徑染毒小鼠,甲醛、苯以及甲醛和苯的聯(lián)合染毒都分別設(shè)3個劑量組:(基礎(chǔ)劑量)染毒組、基礎(chǔ)劑量10倍組、基礎(chǔ)劑量20倍組和陰性對照組,采用靜吸式染毒方法,三次/日(4小時/次,間隔1小時),連續(xù)10天;染毒結(jié)束后,應(yīng)用小鼠骨髓細(xì)胞微核試驗研究甲醛、苯單獨及聯(lián)合作用對小鼠骨髓細(xì)胞的致突變作用。結(jié)果:調(diào)查顯示室內(nèi)裝修工人在皮膚紅腫、皮膚干燥、頭痛、頭暈、咳嗽、氣喘、胸部緊迫感、惡心、嘔吐、眼部異物感、眼部疼痛、怕光流淚、嗅覺異常、鼻咽部不適及咽痛等癥狀的陽性率明顯高于對照組(P0.05);室內(nèi)空氣檢測:無論是簡單裝修組還是復(fù)雜裝修組甲醛及苯的濃度在裝修結(jié)束的前三個月內(nèi)明顯超過國家室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn),復(fù)雜裝修組濃度超標(biāo)率更高,室內(nèi)甲醛、苯濃度有隨時間延長明顯下降的趨勢.動物實驗結(jié)果顯示,染毒基礎(chǔ)劑量的甲醛、苯單獨及聯(lián)合作用所引起的小鼠骨髓細(xì)胞微核率(MNCF)的升高,與對照組比較無顯著差異(P0.05)。而染毒基礎(chǔ)劑量10倍組及染毒基礎(chǔ)劑量20倍組,無論是單獨還是聯(lián)合作用所引起的小鼠骨髓細(xì)胞微核率升高,與對照組比較有明顯的差異(P0.05),單獨作用與聯(lián)合作用比較所引起的小鼠骨髓細(xì)胞微核率的變化同樣存在明顯的差異(P0.05)。結(jié)論:室內(nèi)裝修材料產(chǎn)生的有害物質(zhì)可對與其接觸密切的室內(nèi)裝修工人的健康造成不良的影響;瀘州市區(qū)內(nèi)新近裝修居室空氣中主要污染物甲醛及苯的濃度明顯超出國家規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其中復(fù)雜裝修組超標(biāo)率更高;較高濃度的甲醛、苯單獨及聯(lián)合作用均有誘導(dǎo)小鼠骨髓細(xì)胞發(fā)生突變的作用;短期暴露于新近裝修居室內(nèi)苯和甲醛的平均濃度水平下未發(fā)現(xiàn)有誘導(dǎo)小鼠骨髓細(xì)胞發(fā)生突變的作用,但長期暴露是否會誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞突變未明確。因此應(yīng)加強(qiáng)裝修材料的調(diào)查研究,采取有效措施降低室內(nèi)污染物濃度,盡可能避免因裝修污染造成對人體健康的潛在危害。
[Abstract]:Objective: through the questionnaire survey to understand the close contact with the decoration materials for interior decoration the health status of workers, to explore whether the indoor air pollutants will have adverse effects on human health; according to the survey results, further experiments were carried out to study the detection and animal toxicity of indoor air pollution site. Using phenol reagent spectrophotometric method for the determination of the new decoration and determination no benzene indoor decoration formaldehyde concentration and gas chromatography concentration, and compared to the air pollution situation of Luzhou city in the interior of understanding. And the average detection concentration of major pollutants monitoring of benzene and formaldehyde as the basis, in mice, the mice bone marrow cell micronucleus test, study the main indoor air pollution alone and combined effect of benzene and formaldehyde contamination on mouse bone marrow cell mutagenesis. Methods: using simple random sampling method from 200 urban areas in Luzhou City In the long term engaged in interior decoration workers, and other types of workers from 200 cases as control group, using the health questionnaire in two groups the prevalence, to see whether the indoor air pollutants will have adverse effects on human health. According to the urban area of Luzhou new residential decoration decoration decoration were divided into simple group and complex group decoration, to no indoor air as control, using KB-6E type air sampler, collecting pipe of indoor air formaldehyde 10ml large bubble absorption tube, collect indoor air benzene using disposable activated carbon sample. By phenol reagent spectrophotometry and solvent desorption gas analysis and the concentration of indoor formaldehyde and benzene chromatography, the average concentration of indoor formaldehyde and the actual detection of the benzene as the basis to design the dose group animal exposure dose, the static type of respiratory tract in mice, exposure routes of formaldehyde, benzene, formaldehyde and benzene combination He was exposed were divided into 3 groups: dose (dose based) exposure group, basal dose 10 times, 20 times the basal dose group and negative control group, using static suction exposure method, three times / day (4 hours / times, 1 hours apart), 10 consecutive days after the end of the exposure, using the mouse; the micronucleus test on bone marrow cells of formaldehyde, benzene separate and combined effects of mouse bone marrow cell mutagenicity. Results: the survey shows that workers in the interior decoration of dry skin, skin irritation, headache, dizziness, cough, asthma, chest tightness, nausea, vomiting, eye foreign body sensation, eye pain, Paguang tears. Smell abnormalities, the positive rate of nasopharyngeal discomfort and sore throat and other symptoms were significantly higher than the control group (P0.05); indoor air testing: whether it is a simple decoration decoration group complex group or concentration of formaldehyde and benzene in the first three months of the end of the decoration in significantly more than the national indoor air quality standard, complex loading Repair group exceed the standard rate higher concentration of formaldehyde, benzene, concentration decreased with time prolonging. The results of animal experiments showed that formaldehyde based dose, bone marrow cell micronucleus induced by benzene separate and combined effects of rate (MNCF) increased, compared with the control group had no significant difference (P0.05). In base 10 times dosage group and experimental base 20 times dosage group, either alone or combined effect caused by the micronucleus rate in mouse bone marrow cells increased significantly compared with control group (P0.05), alone and the combined effect of comparison caused by the micronucleus rate of mouse bone marrow cells changes also have obvious difference (P0.05). Conclusion: the harmful substances in indoor decoration materials can have adverse effects on the close contact with the interior decoration of the health of workers in the city of Luzhou; newly renovated main pollutants in indoor air formaldehyde and The benzene concentration significantly exceeded the national standard, which exceed the standard rate of more complex decoration group; high concentration of formaldehyde, the bone marrow cells of mice with mutations induced by benzene and combined effects of both; short term exposure to the average concentration level of newly decorated rooms in benzene and formaldehyde were found under the induction of bone marrow cells in mice with mutations. But, long-term exposure will induce cell mutation is not clear. So we should strengthen the research of decoration materials, and take effective measures to reduce the indoor pollutant concentration, as far as possible to avoid decoration pollution and cause potential harm to human health.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：瀘州醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：R114

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 鄧鐘輝;;淺談室內(nèi)裝修污染的現(xiàn)狀與對策[J];建筑安全;2011年06期

2 劉靖;;淺談環(huán)保理念下家具的設(shè)計構(gòu)想[J];商場現(xiàn)代化;2012年23期

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本文編號：1512511