本文關(guān)鍵詞： 竹絲裝飾材 阻燃處理 防霉涂飾 吸濕緩沖值 光老化 綜合評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：竹絲裝飾材,是以竹絲為基本結(jié)構(gòu)單元,通過(guò)編織或膠粘制成的裝飾材料的總稱,這種材料具有原料利用率高、裝飾效果好、產(chǎn)品可塑性強(qiáng)、便于安裝回收等優(yōu)點(diǎn),被廣泛應(yīng)用于室內(nèi)墻體及天花板的裝飾裝修中,是竹材裝飾領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的思維創(chuàng)新,引領(lǐng)著家居裝飾的新潮流。作為室內(nèi)裝飾的竹絲裝飾料,必須具備的安全性、耐久性、舒適性等產(chǎn)品性能,這方面的研究成果較少,諸多處于空白狀態(tài)。因此,對(duì)常用的竹絲裝飾材進(jìn)行性能研究和綜合評(píng)價(jià),將為完善產(chǎn)品性能和制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提供理論支持,對(duì)提高產(chǎn)品附加值和系列化推廣具有重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本論文以常用經(jīng)濟(jì)竹種毛竹材為原料,制造出近青面(OB)、近黃面(IB)2種竹絲裝飾材,采用磷酸脒基脲阻燃劑和硼酸硼砂復(fù)配(1:1)阻燃劑,對(duì)其進(jìn)行阻燃改性,在此基礎(chǔ)上使用木蠟油、清漆以及IPBC硅丙乳液對(duì)竹絲裝飾材表面進(jìn)行防霉涂飾,從居室環(huán)境需求角度出發(fā),從阻燃、防霉、視覺、吸濕、光老化5個(gè)方面,對(duì)改性前后的竹絲裝飾材進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,并以此為量化評(píng)價(jià)因子采取定量與定性相結(jié)合的方式構(gòu)建綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系,對(duì)竹絲裝飾材產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行性能綜合評(píng)價(jià)。主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)竹絲裝飾材及阻燃改性產(chǎn)品在燃燒過(guò)程的熱釋放過(guò)程中熱釋放總量(THR)遵循THROBTHRIB的規(guī)律。在煙釋放過(guò)程中,空白組和硼酸硼砂復(fù)配組的煙釋放總量(TSP)遵循TSPOBTSPIB,而磷酸脒基脲處理組為TSPIBTSPOB。磷酸脒基脲阻燃劑具有較好的抑熱效果,硼酸硼砂復(fù)配的阻燃劑具有更好的抑煙作用。通過(guò)熱解特性研究發(fā)現(xiàn),阻燃處理竹絲裝飾材的熱降解進(jìn)程發(fā)生改變,與竹絲裝飾材空白組相比,阻燃處理組由于阻燃劑的催化成炭作用,殘?zhí)柯拭黠@增加,其中硼酸硼砂復(fù)配組和磷酸脒基脲處理組在800℃時(shí)殘余質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)由6.78%分別增加到16.21%和33.62%。通過(guò)對(duì)比各組竹絲裝飾材的熱釋放、煙釋放指標(biāo)以及熱解特性綜合看來(lái),磷酸脒基脲阻燃劑阻燃效果最佳。(2)防霉研究表明:磷酸脒基脲處理的竹絲裝飾材(NP-OB/IB組)抗霉菌效力略大于空白組(OB/IB),IPBC硅丙乳液能有效防治多種霉菌及藍(lán)變菌的侵染,防治效力達(dá)到100%,醇酸清漆、木蠟油不具備霉菌防治能力;經(jīng)醇酸清漆和木蠟油表面涂飾的竹絲裝飾材的熱釋放值和煙釋放值遠(yuǎn)高于阻燃處理組(NP組);經(jīng)IPBC硅丙乳液涂飾的竹絲裝飾材(NP-C組)其熱釋放值略高于阻燃處理組,煙釋放值低于空白組,表現(xiàn)為良好的抑煙性能。綜合各涂飾劑的防霉防變色效果和熱釋放、煙釋放指標(biāo)看來(lái),IPBC硅丙乳液作為表面改性劑能夠同時(shí)達(dá)到防霉防變色和抑煙的效果。(3)竹絲裝飾材的OB組和IB組的明度測(cè)試值分布在70.71~74.56和77.71~82.27之間,紅綠軸色品指數(shù)分別在5.32~5.65和3.17~3.44之間,黃藍(lán)軸色品指數(shù)在27.59~28.84和21.91~24.72之間,材色主要集中于黃色-橙色之間;平行于竹絲長(zhǎng)度入射方向的光澤度測(cè)量值(GZL)均大于垂直于竹絲長(zhǎng)度條件下的測(cè)量值(GZT),IPBC硅丙乳液涂飾的竹絲裝飾材表面光澤度最大;竹絲裝飾材裝飾室內(nèi)空間可以呈現(xiàn)“天然”、“溫暖”和“裝飾”的視覺心理印象。(4)竹絲裝飾材對(duì)室內(nèi)濕環(huán)境起到調(diào)節(jié)緩沖作用,在吸濕-放濕循環(huán)周期內(nèi)質(zhì)量變化呈周期性階梯狀上升趨勢(shì),各處理組間表現(xiàn)為NP組空白組NP-C組,組內(nèi)表現(xiàn)為OBIB,吸放濕周期內(nèi)表現(xiàn)為MBV吸濕MBV放濕。通過(guò)實(shí)例分析得出在相對(duì)濕度為60%~85%的高濕地區(qū),竹絲裝飾材吸放濕量排序?yàn)?NPOB空白OBNPIB空白IBNP-COBNP-CIB,竹絲裝飾材NPOB具有最佳的濕緩沖性能。(5)對(duì)竹絲裝飾材進(jìn)行人工加速光老化研究表明:通過(guò)掃描電鏡觀察得到光輻照160h時(shí)竹材薄壁細(xì)胞的角隅處和復(fù)合中層出現(xiàn)了清晰的分層現(xiàn)象,在較為薄弱的紋孔周圍已率先出現(xiàn)了裂紋,且隨著光照時(shí)間的增加(335h),裂紋不斷延伸可貫穿幾個(gè)紋孔;薄壁細(xì)胞中沉積的磷酸脒基脲經(jīng)335h的光輻照后阻燃劑由融絮狀轉(zhuǎn)化為不規(guī)則的塊狀;IPBC硅丙乳液涂飾材光輻照后涂層完整無(wú)開裂現(xiàn)象。色度指標(biāo)的比較表明:光老化時(shí)間增加,空白組(OB/IB)和阻燃處理組(NP-OB/IB)的顏色變深、變暗,涂飾組顏色變黃,明度值呈下降趨勢(shì),紅綠指數(shù)a、黃藍(lán)指數(shù)b以及總色差ΔE均呈上升趨勢(shì),阻燃防霉處理組光穩(wěn)定性較差。光老化后,空白組和NP組中FTIR圖譜均在1512cm-1、1462cm-1、1330cm-1、1244cm-1表征木質(zhì)素芳環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的吸收峰基本消失,木質(zhì)素發(fā)生降解;位于1735cm-1、1050cm-1、897cm-1的纖維素和半纖維素的吸收峰經(jīng)335h光輻照后以上特征峰值仍然存在;涂飾組在1111、1353、1640、1728cm-1處的伸縮振動(dòng)峰值發(fā)生變化,這些變化都是由IPBC硅丙乳液復(fù)雜的光降解反應(yīng)造成的。(6)竹絲裝飾材多層次模糊評(píng)價(jià)由三級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)體系組成,各級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)分別有2個(gè)、5個(gè)和20個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。一級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)因素的權(quán)重表現(xiàn)為:材料性能(0.591)環(huán)境性能(0.409);二級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)因素的權(quán)重順序?yàn)?舒適性(0.354)安全性(0.348)耐久性(0.296);安裝與維護(hù)(0.545)環(huán)境與能耗(0.455)。通過(guò)對(duì)竹絲裝飾材的模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果中得出,空白組評(píng)價(jià)值為79.451,阻燃組評(píng)價(jià)值為82.018,防霉-阻燃處理組評(píng)價(jià)值83.217�？瞻捉M竹絲裝飾材的模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果處于“一般”范圍內(nèi),阻燃組和防霉-阻燃組的模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果處于“良好”范圍內(nèi),改性產(chǎn)品更具應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The bamboo decorative material, with bamboo as the basic structural unit, which is made by weaving or adhesive decorative material, this material has high utilization rate of raw materials, products of good decorative effect, strong plasticity, easy installation and recovery, is widely used in interior wall and ceiling decoration, is thinking the innovation of bamboo decoration in the field, leading the new trend of Home Furnishing decoration. As the bamboo decorative material for indoor decoration, must have the safety, durability, comfort and other performance of the product, less research in this area, many in a blank state. Therefore, the performance research and comprehensive evaluation of bamboo decoration commonly used materials, to improve product performance and provide theoretical support for the formulation of standards, to improve the product has great practical significance and popularization value series. In this paper, the common economic bamboo wood as raw material, producing nearly Green (OB), yellow (IB) nearly 2 kinds of bamboo decorative material, using guanylurea phosphate flame retardant boric acid and borax compound (1:1) flame retardant, the flame retardant modification, the use of wood wax based on IPBC varnish and silicone acrylic emulsion on bamboo decorative material surface for mold coating from the demand point of view, the living environment, from the visual, flame retardant, anti mildew, moisture absorption, light aging 5 aspects of modified bamboo decorative material before and after a systematic study, and as a quantitative evaluation factor by quantitative and qualitative methods to construct a comprehensive evaluation system, comprehensive evaluation on the performance of bamboo decorative material the product. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the bamboo decorative material and flame retardant products during the release of heat in the combustion process of the total heat release (THR) follow the THROBTHRIB rule. The smoke release process, the blank group and the group of compound boric acid borax total smoke release (TSP) followed by TS POBTSPIB, while guanylurea phosphate treatment group TSPIBTSPOB. amidinourea phosphate flame retardant has better effect of anti heat, flame retardant boric acid borax compound has better smoke suppression effects. The pyrolysis characteristics of the study found that the process of thermal degradation of flame retardant processing bamboo decorative material change, compared with the blank group of bamboo decorative material flame retardant, flame retardant treatment group due to the catalytic charring effect, carbon residue rate increased significantly, the compound boric acid borax group and guanylurea phosphate treatment at 800 DEG C of the residual mass fraction from 6.78% to 16.21% and increased the release of 33.62%. by comparing each group of bamboo decorative material of the heat, smoke release index and pyrolysis characteristics in general, guanylurea phosphate flame retardant effect is the best. (2) - research shows that bamboo decorative material amidine phosphate urea treatment (group NP-OB/IB) anti fungal effect is slightly larger than the control group (OB/IB), IPBC silicone acrylic emulsion can Effective prevention and treatment of infection of various molds and blue stain fungi, control effect reached 100%, alkyd varnish, wood wax does not have the ability to control the mold; bamboo decorative material alkyd varnish and wood wax surface coating of heat release and smoke release was much higher than that of flame retardant treatment group (NP group); the bamboo decorative material. IPBC silicone acrylic emulsion (NP-C) heat release values are slightly higher than the flame retardant treatment group, smoke release value lower than that of the control group, showed a good smoke suppression performance. The mold finishing agent anti discoloration effect and heat release, it seems the smoke release index, IPBC silicone acrylate emulsion as surface modifier can be achieved mildew discoloration and smoke suppression effect. (3) OB group and IB group of bamboo decorative material brightness test value distribution between 70.71~74.56 and 77.71~82.27, the red green axis color index respectively between 5.32~5.65 and 3.17~3.44, yellow blue axis color index in 27.59~28.84 and 21.91 ~24.72, the wood color mainly in yellow - orange; gloss measured parallel to the incident direction of the bamboo filament length value (GZL) were greater than the measured perpendicular to the length of bamboo filament value under the condition of IPBC (GZT), silicone acrylic emulsion finishing the surface gloss of bamboo decorative material; bamboo decorative material decorative interior space can appear "natural", "visual psychological impression of warmth" and "decoration". (4) the bamboo decorative material to adjust the buffer effect on indoor humidity environment, moisture absorption and moisture in the quality change cycle periodically stepped up trend, all the groups showed NP group NP-C group. In the group is OBIB, the moisture absorption and desorption cycle performance for MBV MBV moisture wet. Through the analysis of examples in the relative humidity of 60%~85% in high humidity area, wet weight ranked suction bamboo decorative material: NPOB OBNPIB blank blank IBNP-COBNP-CIB, bamboo decorative material NPOB Has the best performance of the wet buffer. (5) the bamboo decorative material by artificial accelerated light aging studies show that by scanning electron microscope light irradiation of 160H at the corner of the bamboo parenchyma cells and composite middle delaminated clear, around the pit is weak has taken the lead in a crack, and with the increase of the illumination time (335h), the crack extending through several pits; guanylurea phosphate deposition of parenchyma cells in the light irradiation after 335h flame retardant by melting flocculent into irregular lumps; IPBC silicone acrylic emulsion coating material of light irradiation after coating integrity without cracking phenomenon. Compared the color index light: the increase of aging time, the blank group (OB/IB) and flame retardant treatment group (NP-OB/IB) of the dark, dark yellow color, coating group, lightness value decreased, red green yellow blue index a, index B and the color of delta E showed an upward trend, Flame retardant mildew treatment group light stability is poor. After light aging, blank group and NP group were 1512cm-11462cm-11330cm-11244cm-1 FTIR spectrum characterization of lignin absorption peaks of aromatic ring structure disappeared, lignin degradation occurs; in 1735cm-11050cm-1897cm-1, cellulose and hemicellulose absorption peaks by 335h light irradiation after the above characteristic peak still exists; stretching vibration the peak at 1111135316401728cm-1 in the finishing group changes, these changes are caused by the photodegradation of IPBC silicone acrylic emulsion complex. (6) the bamboo decorative material of multi level fuzzy evaluation by three level evaluation system, evaluation levels were 2, 5 and 20. A performance evaluation index weight evaluation factors for material properties: (0.591) environmental performance (0.409); the weight order of the two evaluation indexes of factors: (0.354) comfort safety durability (0.2 (0.348) 96); (0.545) the installation and maintenance of the environment and energy consumption (0.455). The bamboo decorative material is obtained through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results, the blank group evaluation value is 79.451, the flame retardant group evaluation value is 82.018, mold - flame retardant treatment group evaluation fuzzy comprehensive evaluation 83.217. blank group of bamboo decorative material results in the "general" range, flame retardant group and flame retardant group mold - fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results in a "good" range, modified products have more application value.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)林業(yè)科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TS612

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