本文關(guān)鍵詞：邯鄲市裝修工生存狀況的調(diào)查研究　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 裝修工 農(nóng)民工 建筑農(nóng)民工 生存狀況 現(xiàn)況調(diào)查

【摘要】： 目的 自上世紀(jì)90年代改革開放以來,隨著人們物質(zhì)文化生活水平的提高和城市建設(shè)的發(fā)展,裝飾裝修行業(yè)在我國迅猛發(fā)展。到2003年,全國已有注冊的建筑裝飾公司35萬家。 由于農(nóng)民工群體大量進(jìn)入城市,和城市用工制度的改變,裝修工由原來的城市技術(shù)工人,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槲唇?jīng)培訓(xùn)的農(nóng)民工,2010年我國有近2.3億名農(nóng)民工,其中建筑業(yè)農(nóng)民工占全國農(nóng)民工30%以上,而建筑業(yè)農(nóng)民工25%人員從事裝飾裝修工作,裝修行業(yè)的就業(yè)人數(shù)已經(jīng)超過1700多萬,他們利用農(nóng)閑時(shí)候進(jìn)城打工,農(nóng)忙時(shí)回家種地。這些裝修工游走于城市和農(nóng)村之間,成為城市和農(nóng)村都可以管也都可以不管的邊緣人,他們?yōu)槌鞘械陌l(fā)展付出了艱辛的勞動。雖然裝修給人們帶來舒適、優(yōu)雅的居住和辦公環(huán)境,但是也給裝修工和居住者的健康帶來許多潛在的不良影響。因此,裝修工職業(yè)病高發(fā),已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)不容忽視的社會問題。 本研究通過了解邯鄲市裝修工的人群特征和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況,評價(jià)裝修工的生存狀況及其影響因素,并針對邯鄲市裝修工生存狀況評價(jià)結(jié)果,提出改善裝修工生存狀況的政策建議。 方法 本次調(diào)查采用方便抽樣的方法,用自制的“邯鄲市裝修工生存狀況調(diào)查研究”問卷,調(diào)查在邯鄲市從事裝修工作3個(gè)月以上的裝修工,有效問卷為979份。調(diào)查內(nèi)容主要包括籍貫、居住地、性別、年齡、婚姻狀況、文化程度、吸煙、飲酒、從事裝修時(shí)間、工作性質(zhì)、收入、消費(fèi)、居住、工作時(shí)間、采取防護(hù)措施和參加社會保險(xiǎn)情況等。為了提高問卷的質(zhì)量,調(diào)查員先進(jìn)行培訓(xùn),并進(jìn)行了預(yù)調(diào)查,收回的問卷檢查驗(yàn)收,剔除不合格問卷,數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)行雙錄入制度,用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件完成數(shù)據(jù)的處理與分析。 結(jié)果 本研究共調(diào)查979名裝修工,男性占89.1%,女性占10.9%。來自農(nóng)村的裝修工占94.3%,城市裝修工只占5.7%,男女差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;平均年齡為28.6歲,初中文化水平占65.0%,從事裝修時(shí)間 5年的占73.3%,臨時(shí)工占72.8%,61.3%的裝修工通過熟人介紹找工作,裝修工每月加班次數(shù)以1 ~ 9次常見,男女構(gòu)成不同,差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2 = 16.139,P = 0.001)。裝修工簽合同率為23.6%,不簽合同的748人中,48.4%為雇主不愿意簽合同,23.4%不知道需要簽合同,21.3%為自己不愿意簽合同;裝修工平均每年失業(yè)1個(gè)月及以上者,男性(96.2%)高于女性(80.4%),χ2 = 45.894,P 0.001。裝修工平均月收入(1016元)和月消費(fèi)(384元)均為女性高于男性,差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。崗前培訓(xùn)率女性(40.2%)高于男性(21.1%),χ2 = 19.493,P 0.001。工作時(shí)采取防護(hù)措施的男性(79.1%)高于女性(56.1%),χ2 = 28.266,P 0.001。裝修工不采取防護(hù)措施的原因,62.5%為單位不提供防護(hù)條件。經(jīng)常做健康檢查的只占5.6%,裝修工參加保險(xiǎn)率為76.1%,男女差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。不參加保險(xiǎn)的原因主要是對社會保險(xiǎn)政策不了解(54.0%)和繳費(fèi)過多(32.2%),了解保險(xiǎn)途徑主要是通過報(bào)紙(39.3%)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)(38.9%)和電視電臺(35.1%)。工傷發(fā)生率高達(dá)45.3%,男女差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。裝修工49.0%住單位宿舍,男性以住單位宿舍為主(52.1%),女性以回家或親朋家居住為主(44.9%),男女構(gòu)成差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2 = 46.170,P 0.001)。來自農(nóng)村的923名裝修工,認(rèn)為自己已經(jīng)融入城市生活中的女性(26.5%)高于男性(19.0%),差別有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2 = 50.942,P 0.001)。 結(jié)論 邯鄲市裝修工多為男性青壯年農(nóng)民工,以初中學(xué)歷為主,未經(jīng)過培訓(xùn),具有很大的邊緣性、流動性和相對不穩(wěn)定性,個(gè)人衛(wèi)生意識不高,生活方式單調(diào)。勞動強(qiáng)度大、施工時(shí)間長。參加崗前培訓(xùn)、崗位培訓(xùn)和衛(wèi)生防護(hù)知識培訓(xùn)率均較低。大多數(shù)裝修工作為非城市人口,不能享有城市居民所擁有的住房、醫(yī)療、失業(yè)、義務(wù)教育和養(yǎng)老等方面的社會福利,處于一種非福利及低福利狀態(tài)。他們離開了自己熟悉的農(nóng)村生活環(huán)境,又沒有融入城市生活,成為城市和鄉(xiāng)村之間的夾心階層,裝修工為城市建設(shè)作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn),是城市建設(shè)不可或缺的生力軍,要從根本上改變裝修工的生存狀況,改變他們的弱勢地位,最根本的是改變我國建國以來長期實(shí)行的戶籍制度,打破城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu),讓農(nóng)民工與城市人享受一樣的福利和公共服務(wù)待遇。
[Abstract]:Purpose Since the reform and opening up in the 1990s , with the improvement of the living standard of people ' s material and the development of the city construction , the decoration and decoration industry has developed rapidly in our country . By 2003 , there were 350,000 registered architectural decoration companies in the country . As a result of the large number of migrant workers entering the city and the change of the urban employment system , the former urban workers are converted into untrained migrant workers . In 2010 , there are nearly 230 million migrant workers , and 25 percent of the migrant workers in the construction industry are engaged in decoration and decoration . Based on the study of the characteristics of the population and the social and economic situation in Handan city , this paper evaluates the living conditions and the influencing factors of the construction workers , and puts forward the policy suggestions to improve the survival status of the construction workers in Handan city . method In order to improve the quality of the questionnaire , the investigators conducted the training and carried out pre - survey , recovery questionnaires to check the acceptance , reject the unqualified questionnaires , and carry out double entry system , and the data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 . Results The total number of workers from rural areas accounted for 94.3 % . The average age was 28.6 years old . The average age was 28.6 years . The average age was 75.3 % . The average age was 72.3 % . The rate of contract signing contract is 23 . 6 % . Of 748 persons who do not sign contract , 48.4 % are not willing to sign contract , 23.4 % do not know that contract is required , 21.3 % is higher than that of female ( 56.1 % ) , 蠂 2 = 19.493 , P 0.001 . The average monthly income ( 1016 yuan ) and monthly consumption ( 384 yuan ) are higher than that of women ( 56.1 % ) , 蠂 2 = 19.493 , P 0.001 . The average monthly income ( CNY 1016 ) and monthly consumption ( 384 yuan ) are higher than that of females ( 52.1 % ) . 923 men from rural areas believed that women who had been integrated into urban life ( 26.5 % ) were higher than those in men ( 19 . 0 % ) , with a statistically significant difference ( 蠂 2 = 50.942 , P 0.001 ) . Conclusion Most of the decoration work is a non - urban population , has a great contribution to urban construction , and is an indispensable force for urban construction . The most fundamental is to change the household registration system which has long been practised in the country since the founding of the country and break the dual structure of urban and rural areas , so that migrant workers enjoy the same welfare and public service treatment as urban residents .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：R131

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 夏端林;宋秀英;;高職裝飾專業(yè)畢業(yè)生就業(yè)發(fā)展空間探究[J];大學(xué)教育;2012年10期

，

本文編號：1428021