【摘要】： 陜北民歌是黃土文化中最具代表性的藝術(shù)形式。它主要有號子、山歌、小調(diào)和兒歌四大 類。其總體曲調(diào)框架結(jié)構(gòu)，是在五聲調(diào)式的基礎(chǔ)上，由調(diào)式主音及上、下方五度音作為骨干， 構(gòu)成曲調(diào)的框架。其典型的旋律進(jìn)行是圍繞主音作四度距離的上行或下行。即2-5-1，5- 1-2-5等。這一框架，是形成陜北民歌風(fēng)格特色的重要因素之一。也正是這一具有特征的 框架構(gòu)成的民歌，貼切地描繪了陜北黃土高原那無際、空曠的自然地理環(huán)境和生存在這環(huán)境 中的人民群眾的感情世界。陜北民歌旋律簡潔明快，有鮮明的空間感，粗獷、高亢、灑脫自如、 極富歌唱性。陜北民歌風(fēng)格形成的原因是多方面的，本文第一部分主要從歷史方面、地理方 面還有其它一些風(fēng)土人情、語言特點(diǎn)等方面分析了陜北民歌風(fēng)格形成的原因。 文章第二大部分論述了陜北民歌中號子、信天游和小調(diào)的分類及風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)。陜北的號子 有黃河船工號子、打夯號子、打硪號子、絞煤號子等多種號子。陜北號子的風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)是速度稍 慢，力度變化不大，唱起來上口、好聽。陜北山歌主要是信天游和山曲。信天游是陜北民歌中 最具代表性的歌種，它的基本曲調(diào)有一百多種，結(jié)構(gòu)方整、旋律多大跳，節(jié)奏型以切分節(jié)奏為 典型，歌詞一般為七言上下句結(jié)構(gòu)的兩句體，以多用重詞疊句見長。陜北的小調(diào)有一般小調(diào)、 絲弦小調(diào)、社火小調(diào)和風(fēng)俗小調(diào)四種。陜北小調(diào)的風(fēng)格多樣，有陜北風(fēng)格的、有江南風(fēng)格的、 也有兩種風(fēng)格融為一體的�？傊�，陜北小調(diào)普遍旋律較流暢，或優(yōu)美抒情、纖巧細(xì)膩，或節(jié)奏 鮮明、通達(dá)流暢。 本文的第三部分論述了陜北民歌演唱中主要的一些演唱技巧。陜北民歌主要用平腔演 唱，另外演唱中還運(yùn)用直音唱法、滑音唱法、顫音唱法、斷腔唱法，~↓7~↑4唱法等等技巧。陜北 民歌的風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)和演唱技巧是根植于陜北悠久而光榮的歷史，特殊的地理?xiàng)l件及陜北人民 剽悍、誠摯、豪爽的性格和樂于助人，不畏艱苦，拼搏向上，敢恨敢愛的秉性。正所謂：“信天 游，不斷頭，斷了頭，窮人就無法解憂愁”。 從土地革命到抗日戰(zhàn)爭，，是革命為陜北民歌注入了新的生命力。陜北民歌以及根據(jù)陜北 民歌音調(diào)創(chuàng)作的各種音樂作品，充分的體現(xiàn)了中華民族的精神面貌。所以無論過去，還是現(xiàn) 在乃至將來，陜北民歌及其音調(diào)都是體現(xiàn)時代精神面貌的重要藝術(shù)形式。
[Abstract]:Northern Shaanxi folk song is the most representative art form in loess culture. It mainly has the horn, the folk song, the minor tune and the children's song four big categories. On the basis of the pentatonic structure, the overall structure of the tunes is composed of the principal tone and the upper and lower five tones as the backbone of the tunes. Its typical melodic progression is a four-degree distance around the main voice up or down. That is, 2-5-1, 5- 1-2-5, et al. This frame is one of the important factors forming the style and characteristics of the folk songs in Northern Shaanxi. It is this characteristic frame composed of folk songs that aptly depicts the boundless Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi. The open natural geographical environment and the emotional world of the people living in this environment. The folk songs in Northern Shaanxi have a clear sense of space, rugged, high-pitched, free and free, and full of singing. There are many reasons for the formation of folk song style in Northern Shaanxi. The first part of this paper is mainly about history, geography and other local customs. Language characteristics and other aspects of the analysis of Northern Shaanxi folk song style formation reasons. The second part discusses the classification and style characteristics of folk songs in Northern Shaanxi. Northern Shaanxi has the Yellow River boatman, tamping, playing me, coal, and so on. Northern Shaanxi is characterized by the style of slightly slower speed, little change in strength, singing on the mouth, easy to listen to. Northern Shaanxi folk songs are mainly Xin Tian you and Shan qu. Xintian Tour is the most representative of the folk songs in Northern Shaanxi. It has more than 100 basic tunes, a square structure and a big melody. Rhythm type is characterized by split rhythm. The lyrics are usually two sentences with the structure of seven words and two sentences, and they are good at repeating sentences with heavy words. North Shaanxi minor has general minor, silk string minor, social fire minor and custom minor four. There are various styles in North Shaanxi minor, there are North Shaanxi style, there are Jiangnan style, there are two styles into one. In a word, the general melody of Northern Shaanxi minor is more smooth, or beautiful lyric, delicate, or sharp rhythm, smooth understanding. The third part of this paper discusses the main singing techniques in Northern Shaanxi folk songs. The folk songs in Northern Shaanxi are mainly performed with flat singing, and in addition, the techniques of straight, slippery, tremolo, broken singing and so on are also used. The style and singing skills of folk songs in Northern Shaanxi are rooted in the long and glorious history of Northern Shaanxi. Special geographical conditions and the north Shaanxi people tough, sincere, bold personality and helpful, not afraid of hardship, fighting upward, dare to hate the nature of love. As the saying goes: "believe in the sky, continue to head, broken head, the poor can not solve sorrow." From the agrarian revolution to the War of Resistance against Japan, it was the revolution that injected new vitality into the folk songs of Northern Shaanxi. The folk songs of northern Shaanxi and various musical works created according to the tones of the folk songs of northern Shaanxi fully reflect the spiritual outlook of the Chinese nation. Therefore, both in the past, in the present and in the future, the folk songs and their tones in Northern Shaanxi are important artistic forms reflecting the spirit of the times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2001
【分類號】：J642.2;J616.2

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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