本文選題：景觀異質(zhì)性　切入點(diǎn)：景觀干擾度　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：以云南省紅河縣為研究區(qū)域,根據(jù)景觀生態(tài)學(xué)的基本原理,借用GIS技術(shù)和fragstats軟件,對(duì)其景觀結(jié)構(gòu),景觀異質(zhì)性進(jìn)行分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上選取多樣性指數(shù)、分離度指數(shù)、破碎化指數(shù)、分維數(shù)倒數(shù)等一些基于異質(zhì)性的指標(biāo)表征景觀干擾度和景觀脆弱度,確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)受體、生態(tài)終點(diǎn),計(jì)算各研究單元內(nèi)的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值并對(duì)其評(píng)價(jià)。評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果可對(duì)生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理提供理論支持和決策依據(jù),研究結(jié)果表明:(1)云南省紅河縣以林地作為基質(zhì),水域作為廊道,耕地、園地、草地等景觀組分為斑塊的基質(zhì)—斑塊—廊道模型的異質(zhì)性景觀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。(2)由于自然災(zāi)害、人類活動(dòng)等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)源的共同作用及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)受體的不同,各研究單元的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值不同,本研究將13個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)作為評(píng)價(jià)單元,在景觀異質(zhì)性的基礎(chǔ)上計(jì)算出不同的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值,分別介于4.22~13.6之間,就人為干擾與自然環(huán)境的受到的損害而言,其中以迤薩鎮(zhèn)的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值最大,車古鄉(xiāng)、浪堤鄉(xiāng)、大羊街鄉(xiāng)、樂(lè)育鄉(xiāng)、寶華鄉(xiāng)、甲寅鄉(xiāng)、石頭寨鄉(xiāng)基本趨于同一水平,生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值基本處于4.2~5.9之間,生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值較低;三村鄉(xiāng)、垤瑪鄉(xiāng)、洛恩鄉(xiāng)的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值介于處在5.9~7.6之間,生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值處于中等水平。(3)云南省紅河縣的縣政府駐地迤薩鎮(zhèn)人口密度最高,人為活動(dòng)對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響力最大,生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值最大,造成其可能的原因有:水生壞境的污染、功能區(qū)是否合理劃分、人類活動(dòng)、自然災(zāi)害的共同作用而導(dǎo)致生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值處于整個(gè)研究區(qū)域的最高水平,阿扎河鄉(xiāng)、三村鄉(xiāng)、垤瑪鄉(xiāng)、洛恩鄉(xiāng)四個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值處于一個(gè)中等較高的水平,這四個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)分布在整個(gè)研究區(qū)域的最南端和最西端,境內(nèi)群山起伏、河谷狹窄、山勢(shì)巍峨、峰巒起伏、溝壑縱橫、地勢(shì)險(xiǎn)峻,決定了境內(nèi)的景觀組分相對(duì)單一,景觀脆弱性程度較高,同時(shí)自然災(zāi)害明顯,冬春干旱少雨,夏秋多雨多有山洪暴發(fā),河水泛濫,外加人為活動(dòng)的影響,造成這四個(gè)研究單元(鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn))生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值較高,車古鄉(xiāng)、浪堤鄉(xiāng)、寶華鄉(xiāng)等處于較低生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)區(qū),這些鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)集中分布,地處整個(gè)研究區(qū)域的幾何中心,沿四周分布,相對(duì)地勢(shì)平坦、景觀組分相對(duì)豐富,農(nóng)作物生態(tài)旺盛,所承受的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低。(4)依據(jù)整個(gè)研究區(qū)域生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值的計(jì)算結(jié)果,就不同的研究單元和不同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)提出相應(yīng)的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理對(duì)策,為整個(gè)研究區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境的改善與維護(hù)提供指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)。
[Abstract]:Based on the basic principles of landscape ecology, the landscape structure and landscape heterogeneity of Honghe County, Yunnan Province, were analyzed by using GIS technology and fragstats software, and the diversity index and separation index were selected.Some indexes based on heterogeneity, such as fragmentation index and reciprocal fractal dimension, are used to characterize landscape disturbance and landscape vulnerability, to determine risk receptors and ecological endpoints, and to calculate and evaluate ecological risk values in each research unit.The evaluation results can provide theoretical support and decision basis for ecological risk management. The research results show that Honghe County of Yunnan Province takes forestland as matrix, water area as corridor, cropland, garden land, etc.Grassland and other landscape components are divided into patch matrix-patch-corridor model heterogeneity landscape ecosystem. (2) because of natural disasters, human activities and other risk sources and different risk receptors, the ecological risk values of each research unit are different.In this study, 13 villages and towns were used as evaluation units, and different ecological risk values were calculated on the basis of landscape heterogeneity, which were between 4.22 and 13.6. In terms of human disturbance and damage to natural environment,The ecological risk value of Yansa Town is the largest, Chegu Township, Longdyi Township, Dayang Street Township, Le Yu Township, Baohua Township, Jiayin Township and Shitouzhai Township tend to the same level basically, the ecological risk value is basically between 4.25.9and the ecological risk value is lower;The ecological risk value of Sancun Township, Yima Township and Luoen Township is between 5.97.6 and 5.97.6, and the ecological risk value is in the middle level.) the resident population density of the county government in Honghe County, Yunnan Province, is the highest, and the human activities have the greatest influence on the ecological environment.The ecological risk value is the largest, and the possible reasons are: pollution of aquatic environment, rational division of functional areas, joint action of human activities and natural disasters, resulting in the ecological risk value being at the highest level in the whole research area.The ecological risk values of four townships in Sancun Township, Yima Township and Luoen Township are at a relatively high level. These four villages and towns are distributed at the southernmost and westernmost ends of the whole research area, with ups and downs of mountains, narrow valleys, lofty mountains, and ups and downs of peaks and mountains.The gully is vertical and horizontal, and the terrain is steep, which determines the relatively single landscape component in the territory and the high degree of landscape vulnerability. At the same time, the natural disasters are obvious, the drought in winter and spring is less, there is more rain in summer and autumn, there are more flash floods, the river is flooded, and the influence of human activities is added.The ecological risk values of these four research units (villages and towns) are relatively high. Chegu Township, Longdike Township, Baohua Township and so on are in relatively low ecological risk areas. These villages and towns are concentrated and distributed in the geometric center of the entire research area, distributed around them.Relatively flat terrain, relatively rich landscape components, abundant crop ecology, low ecological risk, etc.) based on the calculation results of the ecological risk value of the whole study area,The corresponding countermeasures of ecological risk management are put forward for different research units and different risk levels, which can provide guidance for the improvement and maintenance of ecological environment in the whole research area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X826;P901

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本文編號(hào)：1721936