明代科舉制度下的戲曲研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-25 16:47
【摘要】：科舉拔官制度成為有明一代統(tǒng)治集權(quán)攫取人才的一套有效途徑,在科舉制度蔚然成風(fēng)的時(shí)代里,眾多士子對(duì)功名的渴求早已潛滋暗長(zhǎng)且與歷代世人汲求功名的心理并無(wú)軒輊。明代成熟的科舉制度體系不僅對(duì)社會(huì)上的世道人心有著價(jià)值導(dǎo)引的作用,而且對(duì)文學(xué)藝術(shù)特征的營(yíng)建影響深遠(yuǎn),尤其是對(duì)明代戲曲的繁盛與成熟。盡管在明代在后期多政治之良窳,然而戲曲卻顯示著它博興的生機(jī)并位居要津。可以說(shuō)中國(guó)戲曲史上的第二個(gè)黃金發(fā)展階段誕生在明朝是有科舉多方開(kāi)拓之功的,這也正是本文要研究的問(wèn)題。明代科舉于戲曲的開(kāi)拓之功表現(xiàn)有三:其一,明代國(guó)家科舉教育培養(yǎng)出了不少學(xué)識(shí)能力較高的文化人,其中部分人走上了政壇或文壇,而隨著他們?nèi)局笐蚯这?也就使得明代戲曲文本的創(chuàng)作者多碩學(xué)名儒,由于這些帶有政治身份與地位的學(xué)人從事戲曲創(chuàng)作,一方面抬高了戲曲作為末道小技的地位使得戲曲有發(fā)展的外部空間;另一方面對(duì)戲曲自身品位與格調(diào)的提高、提煉其精華并完善藝術(shù)形式與內(nèi)容、完成藝術(shù)的精美化任務(wù)提供了莫大的幫助。其二,科舉文化制度雖然箝制了部分主觀思想的表達(dá),但客觀來(lái)說(shuō),戲曲創(chuàng)作者的創(chuàng)作水準(zhǔn)和能力卻在無(wú)形中得到了提高,這對(duì)戲曲文體包括代人立言、以時(shí)文為曲等戲曲表達(dá)藝術(shù)的形成具有不可小覷的作用;同時(shí)戲曲創(chuàng)作者文化水平的提高也帶出了關(guān)于戲曲地位的抬升問(wèn)題、戲曲文本的雅化精致化問(wèn)題,因?yàn)楫吘褂谐錾碛诳婆e的文壇與政壇領(lǐng)域在帶領(lǐng)戲曲創(chuàng)作者們從事著戲曲的創(chuàng)作。其三,明代戲曲創(chuàng)作者皆出身于科舉制度之下,他們已久經(jīng)科場(chǎng)八股的訓(xùn)練,由此習(xí)慣的八股創(chuàng)作思維轉(zhuǎn)而投影于戲曲創(chuàng)作之時(shí),其創(chuàng)作思維與八股創(chuàng)作思維就并非是方枘圓鑿,也并非暗室無(wú)燈,無(wú)成法可宗,當(dāng)然也不排除戲曲創(chuàng)作對(duì)八股創(chuàng)作的泥實(shí)之風(fēng)。不過(guò)明代戲曲盡管如此,還是向戲曲的舊說(shuō)提出了呵問(wèn)并突破了一些戲曲觀念上的變革,如戲曲說(shuō)理的蕃植、自我心理需求的表達(dá)與孝賢傳統(tǒng)觀念的變革。文章通過(guò)文獻(xiàn)研究、定性與定量研究和文史結(jié)合的研究方法對(duì)科舉制度下的戲曲情況進(jìn)行論證研究,從而得出結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:The imperial examination official system has become a set of effective ways for the Ming Dynasty to rule and centralize the power to seize talents. In the era of imperial examination system, many scholars' desire for fame has long been hidden and is not the same as the psychology of the world in the past dynasties. The mature imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty not only plays a valuable role in guiding the hearts and minds of the world in society, but also has a profound influence on the construction of literary and artistic characteristics, especially on the prosperity and maturity of Ming Dynasty opera. Although in the late Ming Dynasty, there was a lot of political quality, but the opera showed its vitality and ranked well. It can be said that the second golden development stage in the history of Chinese opera was born in the Ming Dynasty with the pioneering work of the imperial examination, which is also the problem to be studied in this paper. There are three achievements in the pioneering work of the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty: first, the national imperial examination education in the Ming Dynasty trained many cultural people with high academic ability, some of whom went into the political or literary circles, and with their involvement in the opera Japanese partnership, the creators of the Ming Dynasty opera text learned more famous Confucianism, because these scholars with political identity and status engaged in opera creation. On the one hand, it raises the position of opera as the last skill, so that the opera has the external space for development; On the other hand, it provides great help to improve the taste and style of opera, refine its essence and perfect the art form and content, and complete the task of artistic refinement. Second, although the imperial examination cultural system has restrained the expression of some subjective ideas, objectively speaking, the creative level and ability of opera creators have been improved in the invisible, which plays an important role in the formation of opera expression art, such as acting on behalf of people, taking time as music and so on. At the same time, the improvement of the cultural level of opera creators also brings out the problem of raising the status of opera, the elegant refinement of opera texts, because after all, there are literary and political fields born in imperial examination who are leading opera creators in the creation of opera. Third, the Ming Dynasty opera creators all came from under the imperial examination system, they have been through the training of eight strands in the field for a long time, and the accustomed eight creative thinking is projected on the opera creation. Their creative thinking and eight creative thinking are not square pegs, nor are there no lights in the dark room, and there is no way to live. Of course, they do not rule out the muddy style of opera creation on the eight strands of creation. However, the Ming Dynasty opera, however, raised questions about the old theory of opera and broke through some changes in the concept of opera, such as the cultivation of opera reasoning, the expression of self-psychological needs and the change of the traditional concept of filial piety. Through the methods of literature research, qualitative and quantitative research and the combination of literature and history, this paper demonstrates and studies the opera situation under the imperial examination system, and draws a conclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I207.37
本文編號(hào)：2505837
[Abstract]:The imperial examination official system has become a set of effective ways for the Ming Dynasty to rule and centralize the power to seize talents. In the era of imperial examination system, many scholars' desire for fame has long been hidden and is not the same as the psychology of the world in the past dynasties. The mature imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty not only plays a valuable role in guiding the hearts and minds of the world in society, but also has a profound influence on the construction of literary and artistic characteristics, especially on the prosperity and maturity of Ming Dynasty opera. Although in the late Ming Dynasty, there was a lot of political quality, but the opera showed its vitality and ranked well. It can be said that the second golden development stage in the history of Chinese opera was born in the Ming Dynasty with the pioneering work of the imperial examination, which is also the problem to be studied in this paper. There are three achievements in the pioneering work of the imperial examination in the Ming Dynasty: first, the national imperial examination education in the Ming Dynasty trained many cultural people with high academic ability, some of whom went into the political or literary circles, and with their involvement in the opera Japanese partnership, the creators of the Ming Dynasty opera text learned more famous Confucianism, because these scholars with political identity and status engaged in opera creation. On the one hand, it raises the position of opera as the last skill, so that the opera has the external space for development; On the other hand, it provides great help to improve the taste and style of opera, refine its essence and perfect the art form and content, and complete the task of artistic refinement. Second, although the imperial examination cultural system has restrained the expression of some subjective ideas, objectively speaking, the creative level and ability of opera creators have been improved in the invisible, which plays an important role in the formation of opera expression art, such as acting on behalf of people, taking time as music and so on. At the same time, the improvement of the cultural level of opera creators also brings out the problem of raising the status of opera, the elegant refinement of opera texts, because after all, there are literary and political fields born in imperial examination who are leading opera creators in the creation of opera. Third, the Ming Dynasty opera creators all came from under the imperial examination system, they have been through the training of eight strands in the field for a long time, and the accustomed eight creative thinking is projected on the opera creation. Their creative thinking and eight creative thinking are not square pegs, nor are there no lights in the dark room, and there is no way to live. Of course, they do not rule out the muddy style of opera creation on the eight strands of creation. However, the Ming Dynasty opera, however, raised questions about the old theory of opera and broke through some changes in the concept of opera, such as the cultivation of opera reasoning, the expression of self-psychological needs and the change of the traditional concept of filial piety. Through the methods of literature research, qualitative and quantitative research and the combination of literature and history, this paper demonstrates and studies the opera situation under the imperial examination system, and draws a conclusion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I207.37
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