本文選題：先秦諸子 + 災(zāi)害書寫��； 參考：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：先秦諸子之學(xué)在中國(guó)思想文化史上占有崇高地位,后世研究已多,但迄今為止對(duì)其數(shù)量可觀的災(zāi)害書寫還缺乏專題研究。先秦諸子的災(zāi)害書寫反映了先秦災(zāi)害的歷史情況,記錄了諸子對(duì)災(zāi)害的認(rèn)識(shí)和思考,富有寶貴的歷史價(jià)值、思想價(jià)值和文學(xué)價(jià)值。同時(shí),在當(dāng)前我們依然面臨嚴(yán)峻災(zāi)害形勢(shì)的情況下,對(duì)先秦諸子災(zāi)害書寫的研究還具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文試圖對(duì)先秦諸子災(zāi)害書寫內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整理研究,以期從源頭上把握我國(guó)古代社會(huì)的災(zāi)害思想和災(zāi)害文學(xué)寫作,從而揭示先秦諸子災(zāi)害書寫對(duì)災(zāi)害史研究、諸子研究和文學(xué)研究的重要意義。本文主要分為以下四部分:第一部分,介紹先秦諸子災(zāi)害書寫產(chǎn)生的歷史背景。先秦時(shí)期面臨多種災(zāi)害問題,嚴(yán)重影響了人民生產(chǎn)生活,威脅國(guó)家穩(wěn)定。諸子生活在社會(huì)大變革的時(shí)代,積極尋求治國(guó)之道,災(zāi)害防治成為他們必須思考的問題。因此,諸子留下的內(nèi)容豐富的災(zāi)害記錄和評(píng)說(shuō),為研究先秦災(zāi)害思想和文學(xué)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。第二部分,對(duì)先秦諸子災(zāi)害書寫的內(nèi)容及其文獻(xiàn)價(jià)值進(jìn)行整理和分析。通過查閱可靠的先秦諸子文獻(xiàn),梳理出諸子災(zāi)害書寫的內(nèi)容和篇目。統(tǒng)計(jì)可知,水災(zāi)、旱災(zāi)、饑荒是諸子災(zāi)害書寫中最常見、最受關(guān)注的災(zāi)害問題。對(duì)不同的災(zāi)害問題,諸子書寫各有側(cè)重。佐證、補(bǔ)充先秦災(zāi)害史,生動(dòng)記錄部分災(zāi)情,保留一些古老材料是先秦諸子災(zāi)害書寫重要的文獻(xiàn)價(jià)值所在。第三部分,論述先秦諸子的災(zāi)害觀念和救災(zāi)思想。儒家、道家、墨家、法家、名家、雜家各學(xué)派都提出了各具特色的救災(zāi)主張。仔細(xì)比較諸子各派的災(zāi)害思想,發(fā)現(xiàn)重農(nóng)儲(chǔ)糧、各司其職、人禍致災(zāi)是他們?yōu)暮λ枷氲墓沧R(shí)�；诓煌膶W(xué)派思想,又有“節(jié)用”和“戒奢”、“祭祀文飾”和“迷信鬼神”、“為民謀利”和“為君謀利”這三方面的差別。從中可以看出諸子學(xué)派內(nèi)部的思想繼承淵源,以及各學(xué)派彼此學(xué)習(xí)借鑒的痕跡。第四部分,總結(jié)先秦諸子災(zāi)害書寫的文學(xué)價(jià)值。諸子災(zāi)害書寫中隱含了豐富的人文精神:自我犧牲,艱苦奮斗,憂患意識(shí)和慈善思想。而其成熟的論說(shuō)手法,大量的比喻修辭,細(xì)膩的人物刻畫,以及志怪化的敘事傾向則展現(xiàn)了先秦諸子災(zāi)害書寫的藝術(shù)性。同時(shí),它在文體、語(yǔ)言、藝術(shù)技巧、文學(xué)素材、審美趣味等多方面都對(duì)后世產(chǎn)生了良好的影響。
[Abstract]:In the history of Chinese ideology and culture, the study of the pre-Qin scholars occupies a lofty position, and there are many studies in later generations, but so far there is a lack of special research on their considerable number of disaster writing. The disaster writing of the pre-Qin schools reflects the historical situation of the pre-Qin disasters, and records the understanding and thinking of the disasters, which is full of valuable historical value, ideological value and literary value. At the same time, under the situation that we are still facing the severe disaster situation, the study on the writing of the pre-Qin school disaster still has certain practical significance. This paper attempts to sort out and study the contents of the disaster writing in the pre-Qin period, in order to grasp the disaster thought and the disaster literature writing in ancient society of our country from the source, so as to reveal the research on the disaster history of the disaster writing in the pre-Qin period. The significance of the study of philosophers and literature. This paper is divided into four parts as follows: the first part introduces the historical background of the writing of pre-Qin disasters. The pre-Qin period faced many disasters, which seriously affected the production and life of the people and threatened the stability of the country. The philosophers live in the era of great social change, actively seek the way of governing the country, disaster prevention and control has become a problem they must think about. Therefore, the abundant disaster records and comments left by the philosophers laid the foundation for the study of the pre-Qin disaster thought and literature. In the second part, the contents and the literature value of the disaster writing in the pre-Qin Dynasty are sorted out and analyzed. The contents and contents of the writing of the disasters of the pre-Qin Dynasty were sorted out by referring to the reliable literature of the pre-Qin schools of thought. According to statistics, flood, drought and famine are the most common and concerned disaster problems in the writing of various disasters. For different disaster problems, the various writers have their own emphasis. To supplement the history of pre-Qin disasters, to record some disasters vividly, and to retain some ancient materials are the important value of literature in the writing of pre-Qin disasters. The third part, discusses the disaster concept and the disaster relief thought of the pre-Qin school of thought. Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism, Legalists, famous schools, miscellaneous schools all put forward their own characteristics of disaster relief claims. By carefully comparing the disaster thoughts of the various schools of thought, it is found that the common understanding of the disaster thought is to lay stress on agriculture and store grain and perform their respective duties. On the basis of different schools of thought, there are three differences between "saving the use" and "abstaining from extravagance", "sacrificing literary ornaments" and "superstition of ghosts and gods", "seeking profit for the people" and "seeking profit for the monarch". From this, we can see the origin of ideological inheritance within the schools of thought, and the traces of each school learning from each other. The fourth part summarizes the literary value of the disaster writing in the pre-Qin Dynasty. There are abundant humanistic spirits in the writing of various disasters: self-sacrifice, hard struggle, suffering consciousness and charity thought. His mature argumentation, a large number of figurative figures of speech, delicate portrayal of characters, as well as the narrating tendency of narrating, showed the artistic nature of the disaster writing of the pre-Qin philosophers. At the same time, it has a good influence on later generations in style, language, art skills, literary materials, aesthetic taste and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I206.2

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本文編號(hào)：1856322