本文選題：杜甫　切入點：正變　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文以許學(xué)夷的杜詩評論為研究對象,對其杜詩研究的幾個代表性問題進(jìn)行述評,并力圖準(zhǔn)確地揭示許學(xué)夷杜詩評論的內(nèi)容與特色,并進(jìn)一步探討其在杜詩學(xué)史上的貢獻(xiàn)與地位。正文分為四部分：第一章討論許學(xué)夷對杜詩正變的看法。許學(xué)夷在總體上肯定杜詩為正體,并通過對杜詩的詩體特質(zhì)與元和詩“以文為詩”的細(xì)致辨析,顯示出杜詩的正體特質(zhì)。許學(xué)夷進(jìn)一步對杜詩各體(尤其是近體)中的“變體”進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的辨析。論杜甫七言律詩,他提出了杜甫七律“變勝于正”的觀點,這可以視為“辯體詩學(xué)”即將由“正變論”走向“通變論”的一個標(biāo)志；他還重點探討了杜甫七律“以歌行入律”的問題,他沒有抱著“伸正詘變”的態(tài)度悍然否定這些“大變”之詩的價值。由他對杜甫五言律詩與七言絕句的評論,也可見他對杜詩“變體”的包容和肯定。第二章探討許學(xué)夷對杜詩與盛唐詩之異同的比較。許學(xué)夷重點比較了杜甫律詩與盛唐律詩的異同,在創(chuàng)作特征上,他以“惟在興趣”概括盛唐律詩,而認(rèn)為杜甫律詩“以意為主”；在審美境界上,分別以“優(yōu)游不迫”與“沉著痛快”來概括盛唐律詩與杜甫律詩；他還進(jìn)一步指出盛唐律詩與《詩經(jīng)》中《國風(fēng)》的繼承關(guān)系,而杜甫律詩則更多地體現(xiàn)出與《雅》的繼承關(guān)系；在總體成就上,他確認(rèn)杜甫律詩與盛唐律詩同為“入圣”,明確不分優(yōu)劣,不再站在“集大成”的立場上推崇杜詩高過盛唐。論古詩,許學(xué)夷認(rèn)為杜甫古詩高于盛唐諸公,達(dá)到了“入神”的境界。第三章研究許學(xué)夷對李杜比較論的闡釋。在創(chuàng)作特點上,許學(xué)夷以“主興”“極才人之致”來概括李白詩歌,以“主意”“盡作者之能”來總結(jié)杜甫詩歌；在作品風(fēng)格上,他以“豪放”與“沉著”來分別論述李杜詩歌；在藝術(shù)淵源上,他認(rèn)為李白詩歌“多出于漢魏六朝”,具有“集大成”的特征,杜甫詩歌則具有“獨造”的特征。第四章論述許學(xué)夷對杜詩與宋詩之關(guān)系的看法。他確認(rèn)宋詩為變體,卻在一定程度上肯定宋詩的價值；他強(qiáng)調(diào)杜詩“變體”對宋詩的開啟作用；他認(rèn)為宋人學(xué)杜詩不類；他還進(jìn)一步提出宋人有意學(xué)杜詩瑕疵的論斷。
[Abstract]:Taking Xu Xueyi's comments on du's poems as the object of study, this paper reviews several representative issues in his research, and tries to reveal the content and characteristics of Xu Xueyi's comments on du's poems. The main body is divided into four parts: the first chapter discusses Xu Xueyi's view on du Shi's positive change. And through the analysis of the poetic characteristics of du's poems and the detailed analysis of Yuan he's poem "taking the text as the poem", Xu Xueyi further discriminates and analyzes the "variants" in various styles of du's poems (especially the recent ones). On du Fu's seven-character poems, he puts forward the view that du Fu's seven laws "become better than upright". This can be regarded as a sign that "dialectical poetics" is about to move from "positive theory" to "general change theory", and he also focuses on the question of du Fu's seven laws "entering the law by singing". He did not brazenly deny the value of these "great changes" in his attitude of "outstretched and changed". His comments on du Fu's five-character legal poems and seven-character quatrains, The second chapter discusses Xu Xueyi's comparison of the similarities and differences between du's poems and those of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Xu Xueyi focuses on the similarities and differences between du Fu's poems and those of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He generalizes the legal poems of prosperous Tang Dynasty with "interest only", but thinks that du Fu's poems are "mainly by meaning", while in aesthetic realm, he generalizes the poems of law and du Fu's poems respectively by "having a good tour" and "having a good time". He further pointed out the inheritance relationship between the law poems of the prosperous Tang Dynasty and the Book of songs, while du Fu's poems more embodied the inheritance relationship with elegance, and in the overall achievements, He confirmed that du Fu's legal poems were "consecrated" as well as those of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and made it clear that there was no distinction between merits and demerits, and he no longer admired du's poems on the stand of "gathering success". On ancient poetry, Xu Xueyi thought that du Fu's ancient poems were higher than those of the great Tang Dynasty. The third chapter studies Xu Xueyi's explanation of Li du's comparative theory. In terms of creative characteristics, Xu Xueyi generalizes Li Bai's poems with "main exhilaration" and "extremely talented people", and sums up du Fu's poems with "ideas" and "to the best of the author's ability". In the style of his works, he discussed Li du's poems separately by "unrestrained" and "calm". In terms of artistic origin, he thought that Li Bai's poems "mostly originated from the Han, Wei and six dynasties" and had the characteristics of "great achievements". The fourth chapter discusses Xu Xueyi's view on the relationship between du poetry and Song poetry. He confirms the Song poetry as a variant, but to a certain extent affirms the value of Song poetry. He emphasized the function of "variation" of du poem to the poetry of Song Dynasty; he thought that the Song Dynasty did not study du poem; he also put forward the conclusion that the Song Dynasty intended to learn the flaw of du poem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I207.22

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