本文關(guān)鍵詞：唐五代士大夫詞源流探微　出處：《四川師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：王國維《人間詞話》云:“詞至后主而眼界始大,感慨遂深,遂變伶工之詞而為士大夫之詞�！边@句話肯定了李煜詞的重要意義,同時第一次提出了士大夫之詞的概念。士大夫之詞,其所滲透進去和表現(xiàn)出來的,是士大夫文人所普遍具有的一種精神。這種精神的核心體現(xiàn)為一種關(guān)懷意識。它根植于士大夫固有的責(zé)任感與憂患意識,體現(xiàn)出對家國天下、民生社會、歷史發(fā)展、人類生命的廣闊認(rèn)知與深沉思考。士大夫詞所具有的眼界大與感慨深的特點,亦體現(xiàn)于此。事實上,李煜之前存在少量士大夫詞。只是由于時間跨度大,各時期的作品較為零散,故而不容易引起人們的關(guān)注。士大夫詞的產(chǎn)生最早可追溯到初唐時期。李景伯的《回波樂》以詞表諷諫之意,流露出士大夫?qū)Τ⒌年P(guān)懷。盛唐李白作《菩薩蠻》、《憶秦娥》二詞,情感深沉,境界闊大。至中唐時期,作士大夫詞作者有6人,作品共計28首。在這些詞中表現(xiàn)出了詞人對社會現(xiàn)實、民生百態(tài)的關(guān)懷。內(nèi)容上,這類詞已開始著眼于家國社會各方面。比如戴叔倫關(guān)注邊塞與征戰(zhàn)將士的《轉(zhuǎn)應(yīng)詞》,劉禹錫反映民生民情的《竹枝》,等等。風(fēng)格上,整體呈現(xiàn)出清簡自然的特征。具體表現(xiàn)為單調(diào)小令的形式帶來的簡潔美感、近似民歌的語言特色以及詩人因偶爾介入詞的創(chuàng)作所帶來的簡潔風(fēng)格。此外,在詞調(diào)選擇與詞牌運用上,這些士大夫詞除了使用由教坊曲演變而來的詞調(diào)如《三臺》、《浪淘沙》外,還使用了當(dāng)時未入教坊曲的詞調(diào),比如《調(diào)笑》、《廣謫仙怨》。到了晚唐五代,士大夫詞既繼承了中唐時期的一些特點,又有了新的變化。首先是詞人增多。晚唐五代的著名文人中,就有12人曾作共計26首士大夫詞。這12位詞人中,5人曾有貳臣經(jīng)歷,其感時傷世的情緒與內(nèi)心深處對社會民生的關(guān)懷卻并未因此消失。他們?nèi)詫⑹看蠓蜿P(guān)懷傾注于詞中。內(nèi)容上除了對中唐時期創(chuàng)作內(nèi)容的承續(xù)外,新增加了不少詠史懷古和感時傷世的內(nèi)容。這與晚唐五代時代變遷的大背景關(guān)系密切。風(fēng)格上,則以漸趨雅化為主要特征。具體表現(xiàn)在雙調(diào)小令的出現(xiàn)帶來婉轉(zhuǎn)回環(huán)的抒情風(fēng)格,并且注重以雅致的語言營造詞境。再次,詞調(diào)運用呈現(xiàn)多樣化特點。除了沿用中唐《楊柳枝》這樣的詞調(diào)外,還運用了如《酒泉子》、《浣溪沙》、《定西番》、《甘州遍》一類源于唐教坊曲的其他詞調(diào)。同時,還有《河傳》、《江城子》、《思越人》一類出現(xiàn)在晚唐五代的新詞調(diào)。且詞的內(nèi)容多緣題而作,體現(xiàn)出詞人在時世變遷中的感慨。士大夫詞正是如此一步步發(fā)展變化,不斷走向成熟。
[Abstract]:Wang Guowei < > renjiancihua cloud: "words to main and vision was, and deep feeling, then change the word Ling for literati words." this sentence affirmed the importance of Li Yuci, and is the first to put forward the concept of literati of the literati of the word. The word. Penetrate and show, is a kind of universal spirit of the literati. This embodies the core spirit as a caring consciousness. It is rooted in the literati inherent sense of responsibility and sense of urgency, reflecting on the home country of the world, the social, historical development, human life and the broad knowledge and deep thinking literati. Word has vision features and deep feeling, also reflected in this. In fact, Li Yu before there is a small amount of literati words. Just because of the time span, the period of the work is more fragmented and therefore not easy to arouse people's attention. The literati of the earliest Can be traced back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty. "Li Jingbo's list > echo music allegorical meaning, showing solicitude for the literati. The Tang Dynasty Li Bai" pusaman >, < E > two Qin Yi words, feelings deep, broad realm. The Mid Tang Dynasty, as the literati writers have 6 people, a total of works 28. In the first of these words show the poet to the social reality, people's livelihood life care. The content of this kind of word, has begun to focus on the various aspects of national society. Such as Dai Shulun and the soldiers in the frontier attention should turn < word >, < Zhuzhi Liu Yuxi reflect the people's livelihood ", and so on. The overall style. Presents the characteristics of natural beauty. Simple clearing Jane brought the specific performance in the form of monotonous poem concise style, the language features of folk songs and approximate poets due to occasional intervention the word creation brings. In addition, in the selection and use of Ci poetry, these literati words except by the use of teaching Fang Song evolved in words such as < three >, < langtaosha >, also used at that time did not enter the imperial music tune, such as < < > tease, Guangzhou drops to blame. In the late Tang and Five Dynasties, literati CI inherits some characteristics of the Mid Tang Dynasty, has a new change first. The CI is increasing. The famous literati in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, there are 12 people had a total of 26 words. The first scholar of the 12 poets, 5 people had turncoats experience, and heart of the emotional sense of hurt when the world of social care but has not disappeared. They are still soldiers doctor care into words. The content in addition to the continuation of the Tang Dynasty creation content, adds a lot of new history and nostalgia and sentimental content. And the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties era in the background close. The style, in the process of refinement as the main feature. The specific performance brought in mildly circle the two tone poem Lyric style, and pay attention to the elegant language to create a word. Again, words use diversified characteristics. In addition to use the < > this tune willow, also used as < Jiuquan >, < huanxisha >, < < Dingxi > some other words, the Ganzhou times > a class of Tang Jiaofang song tune. At the same time, and < < Jiangcheng River pass >, < sub > > a think more people appeared in the late Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. The new words tone and word content and reflect the margin problem, people in times of change of emotion. The literati "is such a step by step development changes. Continue to mature.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：I207.23

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