發(fā)布時(shí)間：2023-04-02 13:45

　　近年來(lái)，外來(lái)物種入侵問(wèn)題已經(jīng)生物多樣性保護(hù)中最重要的議題之一，特別是隨著國(guó)際貿(mào)易運(yùn)輸?shù)牟粩嗤卣购蜕罨�，航海運(yùn)輸已經(jīng)成為外來(lái)物種入侵的主要的途徑。追根溯源，早在15-19世紀(jì)，西歐航海家就使海上運(yùn)輸成了全球殖民體系的的組成部分。航海運(yùn)輸對(duì)世界各大洲產(chǎn)生了久遠(yuǎn)的影響。從環(huán)境角度來(lái)看，航海運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展促進(jìn)了人種和動(dòng)植物的全球性大交流，從而導(dǎo)致了全球物種分布的變化，繼而產(chǎn)生了物種入侵等問(wèn)題，破壞了生態(tài)平衡。 研究西歐航海運(yùn)輸在15-19世紀(jì)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)卦斐傻沫h(huán)境問(wèn)題，最主要的是搞清楚航海運(yùn)輸是如何得以介入和影響當(dāng)?shù)丨h(huán)境的，這兩者之間存在著什么樣的因果關(guān)系。所以在本文中作者回顧了15-19世紀(jì)西歐航海運(yùn)輸發(fā)展的背景和促進(jìn)其迅速發(fā)展的主觀與客觀因素，并分別從不同生物種類與多種運(yùn)輸方式來(lái)分析所產(chǎn)生后果。探析15-19世紀(jì)西歐航海運(yùn)輸對(duì)周邊國(guó)家環(huán)境的影響可以幫助我們看清環(huán)境問(wèn)題的歷史真相并為解決當(dāng)前世界面臨的外來(lái)物種入侵問(wèn)題提供寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：56 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
    1.1 Background
    1.2 Purpose of the Thesis
    1.3 Significance of the Investigation
    1.4 Structure of the Thesis
Chapter II LITERATURE REWIEW
    2.1 Previous Studies Abroad
    2.2 Previous Studies at Home
Chapter III BACKGROUND OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WESTERN EUROPEAN MARITIME TRANSPORTATION
    3.1 Interior Factors
        3.1.1 Necessary Preparations for the Development of Capitalist Sprout
        3.1.2 Zealous Pursuit of Gold
        3.1.3 Dissemination of Christianity and Humanist Thoughts
        3.1.4 Continuous Participation and Support from Royal Family
    3.2 Exterior Factors
        3.2.1 The Blockade of Ottoman Turkish Empire
        3.2.2 The Development of Shipbuilding Technology
        3.2.3 Ability to Handle Winds and Currents
CHAPTER IV DIFFERENT KINDS OF LIFE FORMS TRANSPORTED BY WESTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
    4.1 Introduction of Weeds
        4.1.1 Nettles, Filaree and Oats in North America
        4.1.2 Artichoke, Thistle and Chickweed in South America
        4.1.3 Clover, Knotgrass and Snakeweed in Australia
    4.2 Introduction of Animals
        4.2.1 Wide Spreading of Pigs
        4.2.2 Miracles of Cattle on the Pampa
        4.2.3 The Recurrence of Horses on Americas
        4.2.4 Profitable Honeybees
        4.2.5 Ruinous Rats
    4.3 Introduction of Diseases
        4.3.1 Smallpox — A Crucial Factor in European Conquest
        4.3.2 Introduction of Other Diseases
CHAPTER V INTENTIONAL AND UNINTENTIONAL TRANSPORTATION
    5.1 Planned and Intentional Transportation
        5.1.1 Experiments on the Island of Madeira
        5.1.2 Magic Pollinator — Honeybee in New Zealand
    5.2 Unintentional and Undesirable Transportation
        5.2.1 Rabbits on Porto Santo Island
        5.2.2 Venereal Disease on New Zealand
CHAPTER VI CONCLUSION
WORKS CITED



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