本文選題：農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國際競爭力 + 比較優(yōu)勢(shì)�。� 參考：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)大國,我國歷來重視農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。2001年入世以來,為了履行入世承諾,我國政府對(duì)現(xiàn)行的農(nóng)業(yè)政策進(jìn)行了根本性地調(diào)整,旨在促進(jìn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的有效供給和農(nóng)民收入的增長。但自改革開放以來,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易發(fā)展進(jìn)程較為緩慢,一方面受到我國農(nóng)業(yè)水平的制約,另一方面受到世界貿(mào)易環(huán)境的影響。從農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展形勢(shì)來看,我國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展水平低、技術(shù)落后,增長速度慢,與工業(yè)發(fā)展的差距大,整體農(nóng)業(yè)增長的后備力量不足。從貿(mào)易環(huán)境來看,金融危機(jī)以來,國際貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義抬頭,我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易頻遭美歐國家反傾銷、反補(bǔ)貼和技術(shù)性貿(mào)易壁壘的情況時(shí)有發(fā)生,國際貿(mào)易環(huán)境進(jìn)一步惡化。 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的不斷深入,各大經(jīng)濟(jì)體間的聯(lián)系更加密切,生產(chǎn)要素可以在國際間自由流動(dòng),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)資源的重組。在全球化的浪潮下,各國都希望建立完整的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條,通過生產(chǎn)要素在國際間的自由流動(dòng),獲得國際分工的主導(dǎo)地位,從而在國際市場上立于有利地位。在農(nóng)業(yè)國際化的進(jìn)程中,國際技術(shù)、資本將會(huì)涌入我國,對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)資源進(jìn)行整合,一定程度上會(huì)促進(jìn)我國農(nóng)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)。但現(xiàn)階段我國農(nóng)業(yè)資源具有土地分散、小農(nóng)經(jīng)營等特征,農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展水平較低,且還未形成完整的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條。在這種情況下,如果我國不能明確農(nóng)業(yè)資源優(yōu)勢(shì),形成有力的農(nóng)業(yè)競爭優(yōu)勢(shì),就容易導(dǎo)致我國農(nóng)業(yè)被處于劣勢(shì)地位的后果。因此,在這種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的新形勢(shì)下,我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易發(fā)展的當(dāng)務(wù)之急是研究我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的真實(shí)情況,評(píng)估、比較其國際競爭力,找出問題存在的原因,提出解決的對(duì)策方法,進(jìn)而形成持久的競爭能力,使我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易在國際市場競爭中掌握主動(dòng)權(quán)。 首先,本文基于貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù),采用定量分析的方法,分別對(duì)我國土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和勞動(dòng)密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力進(jìn)行評(píng)估與考察。由于土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的特殊性,近而采用土地生產(chǎn)率指標(biāo)對(duì)其國際競爭力進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充考察；其次,運(yùn)用鉆石模型對(duì)影響我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國際競爭力的因素進(jìn)行定性分析；最后,基于前文的分析,針對(duì)當(dāng)前農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)存在的問題,提出提高其競爭力的方法,希望能對(duì)促進(jìn)我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展、制定科學(xué)合理的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展政策產(chǎn)生一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 全文分為六個(gè)部分： 第一章為緒論,介紹本文的寫作背景與意義,分析比較國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究成果,介紹研究思路、方法和結(jié)構(gòu)框架,并指出本文的創(chuàng)新與不足。 第二章闡述了本文相關(guān)的理論知識(shí)和評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。理論主要為比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論和競爭優(yōu)勢(shì)理論；評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)為國際市場占有率、貿(mào)易競爭力指數(shù)、顯示性競爭優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)這三個(gè)指標(biāo)及土地生產(chǎn)率指標(biāo)。 第三章分析我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易概況。生產(chǎn)概況的分析包括農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模和生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu),進(jìn)而對(duì)比分析中國、印度、美國的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)能力。其中,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)能力主要從農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的總種植面積、總產(chǎn)量、單產(chǎn)和人均產(chǎn)量這四方面進(jìn)行考察；對(duì)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易概況的分析主要包括農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口規(guī)模、出口結(jié)構(gòu)、出口市場三方面。分析顯示,近年來我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品種植面積和產(chǎn)值呈快速增長趨勢(shì),但農(nóng)產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)比較單一,主要以糧食作物為主。與農(nóng)業(yè)大國印度和貿(mào)易大國美國相比,我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品單位生產(chǎn)能力不強(qiáng)。在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易方面,近年來我國貿(mào)易量快速增加,同時(shí)貿(mào)易逆差逐年擴(kuò)大,出口的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品主要為蔬菜、水果等勞動(dòng)密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,出口市場比較單一,市場集中度較高。 第四章分析我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力。筆者基于進(jìn)出口數(shù)據(jù),采用國際市場占有率、貿(mào)易競爭力指數(shù)和顯示性競爭優(yōu)勢(shì)指數(shù)三個(gè)指標(biāo),分別選取我國土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和勞動(dòng)密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中的主要產(chǎn)品,進(jìn)行農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國際競爭力的縱向分析,并與主要出口圍家的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行國際競爭力的橫向比較。由于土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品貿(mào)易的特殊性,又采用土地生產(chǎn)率指標(biāo)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充考察,其中土地生產(chǎn)率指標(biāo)包括自然條件、機(jī)械化水平和基本農(nóng)資投入。分析顯示,我國土地密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力比較弱,相比之下,我國勞動(dòng)密集型農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的國際競爭力較強(qiáng),但近年來我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的整體國際競爭力呈下降趨勢(shì)。 第五章基于鉆石模型,從生產(chǎn)要素、需求條件、相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)、經(jīng)營主體與競爭環(huán)境、政府和偶然事件這六個(gè)方面,具體分析制約我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國際競爭力的因素。分析顯示,加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來,我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)在各方面獲得了一定的發(fā)展與改善,但是與其他國家相比,我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)還存在如下問題：土地資源不足,勞動(dòng)力文化素質(zhì)低,資本投入不足,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量低,相關(guān)性產(chǎn)業(yè)不發(fā)達(dá),國際市場環(huán)境惡劣,國家支持與保護(hù)力度不夠,這些問題嚴(yán)重制約著我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國際競爭力的提高。 第六章基于前文的分析,針對(duì)當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)存在的問題,提出解決方法和對(duì)策,希望有助于我國農(nóng)產(chǎn)品競爭力的提高。
[Abstract]:As a traditional agricultural country , our country has always paid great attention to the development of agricultural trade . Since the entry into WTO in 2001 , our government has carried out a radical adjustment to the current agricultural policy , aiming at promoting the effective supply of agricultural products and the increase of farmers ' income .

Under the tide of globalization , all countries want to establish a complete industrial chain . Under the tide of globalization , all countries want to establish a complete industrial chain . In the process of globalization , China ' s agricultural resources have the advantages of land dispersion , small farm operation and so on .

Firstly , based on the trade data , this paper makes a quantitative analysis on the international competitiveness of land - intensive agricultural products and labor - intensive agricultural products in our country .
Secondly , the factors that affect the international competitiveness of China ' s agricultural products are qualitatively analyzed by using the diamond model .
Finally , based on the analysis of the previous article , aiming at the problems existing in the production of agricultural products , the paper puts forward a method to improve the competitiveness of agricultural products . It is hoped that it will have realistic meaning to promote the development of the foreign trade of China ' s agricultural products and to formulate scientific and reasonable agricultural development policies .

The full text is divided into six parts :

The first chapter introduces the background and significance of writing , analyzes the relevant research results at home and abroad , introduces the research thoughts , methods and structural framework , and points out the innovation and deficiency of this article .

The second chapter expounds the relevant theoretical knowledge and evaluation indexes in this paper . The theory is mainly comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory .
The evaluation index is the index of international market share , trade competitiveness index , display competitive advantage index and land productivity index .

In chapter 3 , the production and trade of agricultural products in China are analyzed . The production scale and production structure of agricultural products are analyzed , and the productive capacity of agricultural products in China , India and the United States is analyzed .
This paper analyzes the trade situation of agricultural products , including the export scale of agricultural products , export structure and export market . In recent years , the production scale of agricultural products has been expanding , the planting area and output value of agricultural products are growing rapidly , but the structure of agricultural products is relatively single , mainly by grain crops . In the area of agricultural trade , the trade volume of our country is increased rapidly in recent years . At the same time , the export agricultural products are mainly vegetables , fruits and other labor - intensive agricultural products , the export market is relatively single , and the market concentration is higher .

Chapter four analyzes the international competitiveness of China ' s agricultural products . Based on the import and export data , the author selects the main products of China ' s land - intensive agricultural products and labor - intensive agricultural products by using three indexes of international market share , trade competitiveness index and display competitive advantage index .

The fifth chapter , based on the diamond model , analyzes the factors that restrict the international competitiveness of China ' s agricultural products from six aspects : production factor , demand condition , related industry , business subject and competition environment , government and occasional event .

The sixth chapter is based on the analysis of the former , aiming at the problems existing in the current agriculture , puts forward the solutions and countermeasures , and hopes to improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in our country .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F323.7

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