本文關(guān)鍵詞： 榜樣 榜樣教育 道德教育 人本主義　出處：《西北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：約翰·洛克在《教育漫話》中說(shuō)：“沒(méi)有什么事情能像榜樣這么能夠溫和而又深刻地打進(jìn)人們的心里”。榜樣的巨大影響力，使得由榜樣而生的一種教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)——榜樣教育，成為各個(gè)國(guó)家進(jìn)行公民教育、道德教育或思想政治教育的主要方法和途徑。作為一種有效的教育實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，榜樣教育與人類社會(huì)發(fā)展相伴而生，它在人類社會(huì)文明發(fā)展進(jìn)程中為提升個(gè)體道德水平、營(yíng)造和諧良好的社會(huì)氛圍發(fā)揮了有效作用。榜樣教育在我國(guó)的發(fā)展，因受到國(guó)家五千年悠久文化歷史底蘊(yùn)的影響，更加具備了其他國(guó)家無(wú)法比擬的深厚傳統(tǒng)民族文化根基和深遠(yuǎn)的理論淵源。從古至今，在中國(guó)的歷史上，不論是圣人賢哲，還是仁人志士、英雄模范，都在某一時(shí)期發(fā)揮了巨大作用。但是，隨著改革開(kāi)放不斷深入和市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制不斷發(fā)展，人們的思維方式、行為方式和價(jià)值理念等呈現(xiàn)多元化的趨勢(shì)，人們對(duì)榜樣的認(rèn)同度急劇下滑。尤其在青少年眼里，模范早已被偶像、明星所替代，特別是近兩年類似于“藥家鑫”事件、“李剛”事件、留學(xué)生上海機(jī)場(chǎng)刺母事件以及近日網(wǎng)上報(bào)道的90后毆打老人等等事情的發(fā)生，更加反映出我國(guó)榜樣教育高投入與低產(chǎn)出的矛盾，我國(guó)榜樣教育已被邊緣化，進(jìn)入到冰封期。 目前，我國(guó)正處于改革開(kāi)放與社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型攻堅(jiān)克難的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期，需要一種中國(guó)精神指引并激勵(lì)我們?cè)诎l(fā)展道路上迎接各種機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)，而榜樣教育正是中國(guó)精神長(zhǎng)存的保障。什么是榜樣教育，如何開(kāi)展榜樣教育，如何將榜樣教育與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和國(guó)家實(shí)際相結(jié)合并進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新，成為目前亟待我們研究解決的問(wèn)題。對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的研究，無(wú)疑對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)主義核心價(jià)值體系的建立、對(duì)愛(ài)國(guó)主義和民族精神等道德品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)具有重要的理論借鑒和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文從四個(gè)部分對(duì)該問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究。 第一章在對(duì)榜樣的含義、特征、類型系統(tǒng)分析的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)榜樣教育的含義、特征、類型也做了深入分析，并從多角度出發(fā)闡釋榜樣教育的理論基礎(chǔ)。 第二章對(duì)我國(guó)榜樣教育的形成發(fā)展歷程進(jìn)行了梳理。 第三章從不同時(shí)代背景下榜樣教育的發(fā)展情況出發(fā)，分析并總結(jié)榜樣教育不同時(shí)期的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和教訓(xùn)，針對(duì)榜樣教育存在的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行深刻分析并得出原因所在。 第四章對(duì)如何解決榜樣教育的問(wèn)題、創(chuàng)新榜樣教育途徑，，進(jìn)行了科學(xué)合理且具有針對(duì)性的理論和實(shí)踐探討。
[Abstract]:John Locke said in Education, "there's nothing like a role model that can gently and deeply penetrate people's hearts." the influence of role models is enormous. The example education, which is a kind of educational practice activity born from the example, has become the main method and way of civic education, moral education or ideological and political education in every country. It is an effective educational practice activity. Example education comes into being with the development of human society. It plays an effective role in promoting individual moral level and creating harmonious and good social atmosphere in the process of human social civilization development. Because of the influence of five thousand years of national culture and history, it has more profound traditional cultural foundation and profound theoretical origin than other countries. From ancient to present, in the history of China. Both sage and sage, people with lofty ideals, heroes and models all played a great role in a certain period. However, with the deepening of reform and opening up and the continuous development of the market economic system, people's thinking mode. Behavior patterns and value concepts show a diversified trend, people's acceptance of role models decline sharply. Especially in the eyes of young people, role models have long been replaced by idols and stars. Especially in the past two years similar to the "Yao Jiaxin" incident, "Li Gang" incident, overseas students in Shanghai airport stabbing incident and recently reported on the Internet after 90 years of beating the elderly and so on. It also reflects the contradiction between high input and low output of example education in our country. At present, our country is in the key period of reform and opening up and social transformation, need a kind of Chinese spirit guide and encourage us to meet all kinds of opportunities and challenges on the road of development. What is the role model education, how to develop the example education, how to combine the example education with the current situation of social and economic development and the national reality, and how to innovate. At present, it is urgent for us to study and solve the problems. The study of these problems will undoubtedly establish the core value system of socialism in our country. It has important theoretical and practical significance for the cultivation of moral qualities such as patriotism and national spirit. This paper studies this problem from four parts. In the first chapter, on the basis of the systematic analysis of the meaning, characteristics and types of role models, the meaning, characteristics and types of example education are analyzed in depth, and the theoretical basis of example education is explained from various angles. The second chapter combs the formation and development course of the example education in our country. The third chapter analyzes and summarizes the experience and lessons of the model education in different periods from the perspective of the development of the role model education in different times. This paper makes a deep analysis of the practical problems existing in the example education and draws the reasons. Chapter 4th discusses how to solve the problem of example education and how to innovate the way of example education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：D64

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