新疆沙井子墾區(qū)環(huán)境因子對核桃焦葉病的影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-09 23:39
【摘要】：核桃種植業(yè)是新疆沙井子墾區(qū)重要的經濟支柱和發(fā)展動力,近年來核桃焦葉普遍發(fā)生且呈現出越來越嚴重的趨勢,給生產上造成重大損失。為降低焦葉帶來的損失,本試驗在不同的核桃園,以不同樹齡和樹形的溫185核桃為試材,研究了焦葉發(fā)生的原因、防治方法以及不同防治方法對核桃果實品質的影響。結果表明:(1)核桃焦葉病時間動態(tài)規(guī)律是:從6月開始發(fā)病,平均發(fā)病率為20.97%,病情指數為6.63;8月達到發(fā)病高峰,平均發(fā)病為94.96%,病情指數為82.94;9月份由于核桃長出新梢發(fā)出新葉,發(fā)病程度有所緩解,病情指數降低到49.48。(2)核桃焦葉病空間動態(tài)規(guī)律是:核桃冠層的垂直方向上,病情指數大小為上部中部下部;9月由于上部長出新葉,病情指數為中部下部上部;水平方向上病情指數為外圍中部內膛;不同方位病情指數為南面東面西面北面。(3)通過對不同環(huán)境因子和核桃焦葉病之間多元回歸分析可知,對核桃焦葉病病情指數影響程度大小依次為:光照強度、水的含鹽量、相對濕度、土壤含水量和溫度。(4)光照強度與焦葉病的發(fā)病程度呈正相關關系,即光照越強,焦葉病發(fā)病程度越重;而溫度的高低和焦葉病發(fā)生輕重的相關性很小;田間相對濕度和病情指數之間呈顯著負相關性,即田間相對濕度越大,核桃焦葉病病情指數越低;土壤含水量和病情指數之間呈顯著負相關,土壤含水量越大,核桃焦葉病發(fā)病程度越低。(5)通過研究水源含鹽量、土壤養(yǎng)分、土壤鹽分與核桃焦葉病之間的關系表明:水源含鹽量和病情指數之間存在顯著正相關,水源含鹽量越高,核桃焦葉發(fā)病程度越重。含鹽量低的大渠水(電導度為0.76)灌溉核桃發(fā)病程度低病情指數為47.72和48.73,用含鹽量高的地下井水(電導度為2.07)和鴻溝水(電導度為2.86)灌溉發(fā)病程度高,病情指數為49.74和53.34;土壤中速效鉀和有機質的含量與病情指數呈負相關關系,速效鉀和有機質的含量越高病情指數越低;土壤中鹽分和病情指數呈正相關關系,土壤中鹽分越高,核桃焦葉病病情指數越高。(6)根據環(huán)境因子對核桃焦葉病的影響分析得出核桃焦葉病發(fā)病的主要原因是葉片生理失水。一方面是由于樹體的蒸騰失水大于吸水能力,加之6-8月較高的光照強度、熱風、土壤含水量低及較低的地下水位的協助影響,加劇了該病的發(fā)生,另一方面土壤的含鹽量以及灌溉用水的含鹽量較高,導致植物的滲透壓過大,吸水困難,破壞了正常的新陳代謝過程。(7)海島素、硼砂、硫酸鉀對核桃焦葉病都有不同程度的防效。在不同濃度的處理中,1000倍液海島素處理的防效最佳(防效為13.51%),1500倍液硼砂(Na2B4O7·10H2O)處理的防效最佳(防效為為7.81%),1000倍液K2SO4溶液處理的防治效果最佳(防效為6.78%)。
[Abstract]:Walnut planting industry is an important economic pillar and development motive force in Shajingzi Reclamation area of Xinjiang. In recent years, walnut coke leaves generally occur and show a more and more serious trend, causing great losses to production. In order to reduce the loss caused by coke leaves, the causes of coke leaves, control methods and the effects of different control methods on walnut fruit quality were studied in different walnut orchards with different tree ages and tree shapes of 185 walnuts. The results showed that: (1) the time dynamic law of walnut scorched leaf disease was as follows: the average incidence rate was 20.97% and the disease index was 6.63, and reached the peak in August, the average incidence rate was 94.96%, and the disease index was 82.94%. In September, the incidence of walnut was alleviated by the emergence of new shoots and new leaves, and the disease index decreased to 49.48. (2) the spatial dynamic law of walnut coke leaf disease was as follows: the vertical direction of walnut crown, the disease index was the upper middle and lower part; In September, due to the emergence of new leaves from the upper minister, the disease index was the upper part of the middle part, and the index of the disease condition in the horizontal direction was the inner chamber of the middle part of the periphery. The disease index in different directions is north to the east and west of the south. (3) through the multiple regression analysis between different environmental factors and walnut coke leaf disease, it can be seen that the degree of influence on the disease index of walnut coke leaf disease is as follows: light intensity, light intensity. Water salt content, relative humidity, soil water content and temperature. (4) there was a positive correlation between light intensity and the incidence of scorched leaf disease, that is, the stronger the light, the more serious the incidence of scorched leaf disease; There was a significant negative correlation between the relative humidity and the disease index, that is, the higher the relative humidity in the field, the lower the disease index of walnut. There was a significant negative correlation between soil water content and disease index. The higher the soil water content, the lower the incidence of walnut coke leaf disease. (5) by studying the salt content of water source and soil nutrients, The relationship between soil salt content and walnut coke leaf disease showed that there was a significant positive correlation between water salt content and disease index. The higher the salt content of water source, the more serious the incidence of walnut coke leaf. The disease index of walnut irrigated with low salt content in large canal water (conductivity 0.76) was 47.72 and 48.73, respectively. The incidence of irrigation with underground well water with high salt content (conductivity is 2.07) and gap water (conductivity is 2.86) is high, and the disease index is 49.74 and 53.34. The content of available potassium and organic matter in soil was negatively correlated with the disease index, and the higher the content of available potassium and organic matter, the lower the disease index. There was a positive correlation between salt content in soil and disease index, and the higher the salt content in soil, The higher the disease index of walnut coke leaf disease was. (6) according to the analysis of the influence of environmental factors on walnut coke leaf disease, it was concluded that the main cause of walnut coke leaf disease was physiological water loss of walnut leaves. On the one hand, the transpiration loss of the tree is greater than the water absorption capacity, coupled with the higher light intensity, hot wind, low soil water content and low groundwater level in June and August, which aggravates the occurrence of the disease. On the other hand, the salt content of soil and irrigation water is high, which leads to excessive osmotic pressure of plants and difficulty in absorbing water, which destroys the normal metabolic process. (7) seaweed, borax, Potassium sulfate has different control effects on walnut coke leaf disease. Among the treatments with different concentrations, 1000 times liquid seaweed treatment had the best control effect (13.51%), and 1500 times liquid borax (Na2B4O7 路10H2O) treatment had the best control effect (7.81%). The control effect of 1000 times liquid K2SO4 solution was the best (6.78%).
【學位授予單位】：塔里木大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S436.64
本文編號：2495994
[Abstract]:Walnut planting industry is an important economic pillar and development motive force in Shajingzi Reclamation area of Xinjiang. In recent years, walnut coke leaves generally occur and show a more and more serious trend, causing great losses to production. In order to reduce the loss caused by coke leaves, the causes of coke leaves, control methods and the effects of different control methods on walnut fruit quality were studied in different walnut orchards with different tree ages and tree shapes of 185 walnuts. The results showed that: (1) the time dynamic law of walnut scorched leaf disease was as follows: the average incidence rate was 20.97% and the disease index was 6.63, and reached the peak in August, the average incidence rate was 94.96%, and the disease index was 82.94%. In September, the incidence of walnut was alleviated by the emergence of new shoots and new leaves, and the disease index decreased to 49.48. (2) the spatial dynamic law of walnut coke leaf disease was as follows: the vertical direction of walnut crown, the disease index was the upper middle and lower part; In September, due to the emergence of new leaves from the upper minister, the disease index was the upper part of the middle part, and the index of the disease condition in the horizontal direction was the inner chamber of the middle part of the periphery. The disease index in different directions is north to the east and west of the south. (3) through the multiple regression analysis between different environmental factors and walnut coke leaf disease, it can be seen that the degree of influence on the disease index of walnut coke leaf disease is as follows: light intensity, light intensity. Water salt content, relative humidity, soil water content and temperature. (4) there was a positive correlation between light intensity and the incidence of scorched leaf disease, that is, the stronger the light, the more serious the incidence of scorched leaf disease; There was a significant negative correlation between the relative humidity and the disease index, that is, the higher the relative humidity in the field, the lower the disease index of walnut. There was a significant negative correlation between soil water content and disease index. The higher the soil water content, the lower the incidence of walnut coke leaf disease. (5) by studying the salt content of water source and soil nutrients, The relationship between soil salt content and walnut coke leaf disease showed that there was a significant positive correlation between water salt content and disease index. The higher the salt content of water source, the more serious the incidence of walnut coke leaf. The disease index of walnut irrigated with low salt content in large canal water (conductivity 0.76) was 47.72 and 48.73, respectively. The incidence of irrigation with underground well water with high salt content (conductivity is 2.07) and gap water (conductivity is 2.86) is high, and the disease index is 49.74 and 53.34. The content of available potassium and organic matter in soil was negatively correlated with the disease index, and the higher the content of available potassium and organic matter, the lower the disease index. There was a positive correlation between salt content in soil and disease index, and the higher the salt content in soil, The higher the disease index of walnut coke leaf disease was. (6) according to the analysis of the influence of environmental factors on walnut coke leaf disease, it was concluded that the main cause of walnut coke leaf disease was physiological water loss of walnut leaves. On the one hand, the transpiration loss of the tree is greater than the water absorption capacity, coupled with the higher light intensity, hot wind, low soil water content and low groundwater level in June and August, which aggravates the occurrence of the disease. On the other hand, the salt content of soil and irrigation water is high, which leads to excessive osmotic pressure of plants and difficulty in absorbing water, which destroys the normal metabolic process. (7) seaweed, borax, Potassium sulfate has different control effects on walnut coke leaf disease. Among the treatments with different concentrations, 1000 times liquid seaweed treatment had the best control effect (13.51%), and 1500 times liquid borax (Na2B4O7 路10H2O) treatment had the best control effect (7.81%). The control effect of 1000 times liquid K2SO4 solution was the best (6.78%).
【學位授予單位】：塔里木大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S436.64
【相似文獻】
相關碩士學位論文 前1條
1 高瑞霞;新疆沙井子墾區(qū)環(huán)境因子對核桃焦葉病的影響[D];塔里木大學;2017年
，本文編號：2495994
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/zaizhiyanjiusheng/2495994.html
