崩崗崩積體坡面細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力試驗(yàn)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2019-06-09 15:44
【摘要】:細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力的正確估算是土壤侵蝕模擬的關(guān)鍵,但礫石含量對(duì)細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力的影響尚未清楚。本研究以崩崗?fù)潦旌媳婪e物為研究對(duì)象,采用溝頭加沙沖刷試驗(yàn),采用三因素試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),對(duì)四個(gè)不同坡度(17.63%,36.40%,57.74%,83.91%)、五個(gè)不同流量(0.00028,0.00056,0.00111,0.00222,0.00444 m2/s)和六個(gè)不同礫石質(zhì)量含量(O%,10%,20%,30%,40%,50%)的進(jìn)行試驗(yàn),分析不同水力條件下崩積體坡面細(xì)溝水流的輸沙能力,探究礫石含量對(duì)崩積體坡面細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力的影響機(jī)理,建立崩積體坡面細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力的水動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。研究主要結(jié)論如下:(1)不同坡度條件下,隨流量的增大,細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力呈冪函數(shù)關(guān)系增大。不同流量條件下,隨坡度的增大,較小流量(0.00028~0.00056 m2/s)下的細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力呈指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系增大,較大流量(0.00111~0.00444 m2/s)下的細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力呈對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系增大。不同坡度條件下,大部分細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力隨礫石含量增加呈指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系增大,其中,在流量為0.00028 m2/s時(shí),隨礫石含量的增加,坡度為17.63%下的細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力增加呈二項(xiàng)式函數(shù)關(guān)系變化,坡度為36.40%的細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力增呈二項(xiàng)式函數(shù)關(guān)系先增大后減小。不同流量條件下,隨礫石含量的增加,較小流量(0.00028~0.00056 m2/s)的細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力呈二項(xiàng)式函數(shù)關(guān)系變化,且變化差異不大,較大流量(0.00111~0.00444 m2/s)的細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力呈指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系增大。在本試驗(yàn)條件下,三個(gè)因子對(duì)細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力的貢獻(xiàn)大小順序?yàn)?流量因子坡度因子礫石含量(中值粒徑)因子,選用細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力(Tc)對(duì)坡度(S)、流量(q)、中值粒徑(d50)的響應(yīng)的方程更好,即Tc=3523.98S0.269q0.998d500.117。(2)不同流量或坡度下,隨礫石含量的增加,徑流水深、雷諾數(shù)Re、阻力系數(shù)f、水流剪切力、水流功率呈增大趨勢(shì),流速、弗羅德數(shù)Fr、單位水流功率呈減小趨勢(shì)。流速、水深、雷諾數(shù)Re、弗羅德數(shù)Fr與流量、坡度、礫石含量或中值粒徑因子可用線(xiàn)性函數(shù)關(guān)系或冪函數(shù)關(guān)系描述,阻力系數(shù)f、水流剪切力、水流功率、單位水流功率采用冪函數(shù)關(guān)系描述比線(xiàn)性關(guān)系好。流量因子對(duì)流速、水深、雷諾數(shù)Re、水流剪切力、水流功率和單位水流功率影響最大,坡度因子其次,礫石含量或中值粒徑因子最小;坡度因子對(duì)弗羅德數(shù)Fr影響最大,流量因子其次,礫石含量或中值粒徑因子最小;流量因子對(duì)阻力系數(shù)f影響最大,礫石含量或中值粒徑因子其次,坡度因子最小。(3)不同礫石含量下,隨流速的增大,細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力呈冪函數(shù)函數(shù)增大;細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力與水流剪切力、水流功率和單位水流功率呈線(xiàn)性關(guān)系增大。水流剪切力是描述試驗(yàn)條件下細(xì)溝水流輸沙過(guò)程最好的水動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù),可用水流剪切力(τ)建立崩積體坡面細(xì)溝水流輸沙能力(Tc)的水動(dòng)力學(xué)模型:Tc=0.118(τ-3.92)。
[Abstract]:The correct estimation of sediment transport capacity of rill flow is the key to soil erosion simulation, but the influence of gravel content on sediment transport capacity of rill flow is not clear. In this study, four different slopes (17.63%, 36.40%, 57.74%, 83.91%) were studied by using trench head Gaza scour test and three-factor experimental design. Five different flows (0.00028, 0.00056, 0.00111, 0.00222, 0.00444 m2 鈮,
本文編號(hào):2495670
[Abstract]:The correct estimation of sediment transport capacity of rill flow is the key to soil erosion simulation, but the influence of gravel content on sediment transport capacity of rill flow is not clear. In this study, four different slopes (17.63%, 36.40%, 57.74%, 83.91%) were studied by using trench head Gaza scour test and three-factor experimental design. Five different flows (0.00028, 0.00056, 0.00111, 0.00222, 0.00444 m2 鈮,
本文編號(hào):2495670
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