【摘要】：棉籽殼帶菌是大麗輪枝菌Verticillium dahliae遠(yuǎn)距離傳播重要途徑。而由大麗輪枝菌引起的棉花黃萎病是一種危害性大、頑固性強(qiáng)的真菌性病害,被我國(guó)列為檢疫性有害生物。作為食用菌的栽培基質(zhì),進(jìn)境的棉籽殼攜帶植物疫情疫病進(jìn)口的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很高。本論文以黃萎病菌為例對(duì)棉籽殼熱處理進(jìn)行研究,針對(duì)棉籽殼的特性及用途篩選合適的熱處理的方法,得出熱處理指標(biāo)。通過(guò)處理后棉籽殼含水率、出菇率的試驗(yàn)證實(shí)對(duì)棉籽殼種植食用菌的影響程度,最后通過(guò)棉籽殼的批量處理對(duì)研究所得的熱處理?xiàng)l件進(jìn)行效果驗(yàn)證。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.對(duì)大麗輪枝菌的微菌核分別進(jìn)行干熱處理和濕熱處理,其中干熱處理9種組合,濕熱處理27種組合。結(jié)果表明:微菌核經(jīng)溫度為85℃、90℃、95℃條件下處理時(shí)長(zhǎng)90～180min,均不能使微菌核全部滅活;微菌核經(jīng)RH50%以上溫度95℃處理時(shí)長(zhǎng)180min、RH80%溫度95℃處理時(shí)長(zhǎng)120min至180min、RH80%溫度90℃處理時(shí)長(zhǎng)180min,均可達(dá)到全部滅活的效果。確定攜帶大麗輪枝菌微菌核的棉籽殼熱處理除害方法為,物料中心溫度95℃、熱處理容器或裝置內(nèi)相對(duì)濕度80%、處理時(shí)長(zhǎng)120 min。2.濕熱處理時(shí)相對(duì)濕度不低于65%,對(duì)棉籽殼的含水率無(wú)顯著影響;就含水率而言,按上述棉籽殼攜帶大麗輪枝菌微菌核的熱處理后,對(duì)棉籽殼的儲(chǔ)存無(wú)影響。高溫濕熱處理時(shí)相對(duì)濕度80%,95℃C處理時(shí)長(zhǎng)120min至180 min不影響所種植白木耳的出菇率。3.混有大麗輪枝菌微菌核的批量(約4500kg)棉籽殼,采用80%RH 95℃處理時(shí)長(zhǎng)120min條件下可使大麗輪枝的微菌核全部滅活。本文研究結(jié)果表明,棉籽殼經(jīng)物料中心溫度95℃、熱處理容器或裝置內(nèi)相對(duì)濕度80%、處理時(shí)長(zhǎng)120 min的濕熱處理,處理后可達(dá)到植物疫病菌除害處理的要求;處理后的棉籽殼不影響水分含量、出菇率等作為銀耳等食用菌栽培基質(zhì)的基本要求。研究結(jié)果為檢疫處理工作積累大量的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),推動(dòng)檢疫處理技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Cottonseed shell bacteria is an important way to spread Verticillium dahliae from a long distance. Verticillium wilt caused by Trichoderma dahlia is a kind of fungal disease with great harmfulness and strong stubbornness, which is listed as quarantine pest in China. As the cultivation substrate of edible fungi, the imported cottonseed shell carries a high risk of importing plant epidemic disease. In this paper, the heat treatment of cottonseed shell was studied by taking Verticillium Wilt as an example. According to the characteristics and application of cottonseed shell, the suitable heat treatment method was selected, and the heat treatment index was obtained. The effect of moisture content and mushroom yield on edible fungi planted in cottonseed shell was confirmed by the experiment of moisture content and mushroom yield after treatment. Finally, the heat treatment conditions were verified by batch treatment of cottonseed shell. The main results are as follows: 1. The sclerotinia of Trichoderma dahlia was treated by dry heat treatment and wet heat treatment, respectively, including 9 combinations of dry heat treatment and 27 combinations of wet heat treatment. The results showed that the sclerotinia could not be inactivated at the temperature of 85 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2494579