貴州省桐梓縣野生長裙竹蓀適生生境調(diào)查研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-27 19:36
【摘要】：長裙竹蓀,口味鮮美,是著名的珍貴食用菌之一。對減肥、防癌、降血壓、美白等均具有明顯療效。貴州省桐梓縣氣候顯著適宜眾多具有特色的資源生長繁殖,民族地區(qū)野生長裙竹蓀資源豐富。但近年來受自然氣候環(huán)境、人類活動的影響,民族民間生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和傳統(tǒng)文化也發(fā)生了相應改變,特別是近年來伴隨市場經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展對民族傳統(tǒng)文化的改變和所帶來的環(huán)境污染問題,以及大量的竹林不斷被砍伐,野生長裙竹蓀賴以生存的環(huán)境遭到嚴重破壞,野生長裙竹蓀資源在逐漸減少。生物的適生生境包括自然環(huán)境和微觀環(huán)境,文章用民族學田野調(diào)查研究方法對貴州省桐梓縣民族民間地區(qū)野生長裙竹蓀的生長環(huán)境、認知情況、醫(yī)藥方面使用情況及長裙竹蓀減少原因進行了調(diào)查;同時,采集同一片竹林中有竹蓀生長和沒有竹蓀生長的土壤,用化學、分子生物學等專業(yè)研究方法對微生物多樣性進行研究,對比民間調(diào)查以及化學、分子生物方法的耦合度,為進一步探索長裙竹蓀適生生境及竹蓀種質(zhì)資源的保護提供科學依據(jù)。據(jù)調(diào)查,在竹蓀的認知和使用方面,民族民間年紀稍長的民眾對野生竹蓀的認知度較高,而年輕人對竹蓀的了解就比較少;在適生生境方面,長裙竹蓀多在春、夏季節(jié)生長,生長地較為濕潤、陰暗、腐爛竹葉多;在長裙竹蓀減少原因方面,由于文化變遷、環(huán)境污染、森林破壞等問題,竹蓀所依賴的生存環(huán)境遭到破壞,野生竹蓀數(shù)量不斷下降。目前,對于長裙竹蓀適生生境土壤微生物研究未見報道,基于桐梓縣野生長裙竹蓀資源的不斷減少,有必要對微觀環(huán)境進行分析研究。本文從桐梓縣水壩塘鎮(zhèn)采集土壤樣品,采用PCR-DGGE法,以16S rRNA和ITS序列為標靶,通過高通量序列技術(shù)分析土壤中微生物群落多樣性。根據(jù)結(jié)果分析,長裙竹蓀根際土壤和無竹蓀生長的土壤中微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)存在較大差異,長裙竹蓀根際土壤中豐富的粉褶蕈屬、小菇屬真菌和腸桿菌屬細菌可能有利于竹蓀生長。通過田野調(diào)查和科學研究對比發(fā)現(xiàn),民眾對長裙竹蓀適生生境的認知與化學、分子生物學研究對竹蓀適生生境的研究結(jié)果存在很高的耦合度,這為貴州桐梓地區(qū)野生長裙竹蓀適生生境的研究和為竹蓀種質(zhì)資源的有效保護和合理利用提供科學依據(jù)。同時,本文從多方面分析貴州桐梓民族民間野生長裙竹蓀種質(zhì)資源減少的原因,并總結(jié)了適宜野生長裙竹蓀的生長環(huán)境。結(jié)合野生竹蓀的適生生境,就竹蓀資源乃至生物多樣性保護提出如下兩個方面的建議:一是加大宣傳力度,提升民族民間生物多樣性保護意識;二是加大竹蓀遺傳資源保護力度,實行補救方案。
[Abstract]:Dictyophora longskirt, delicious taste, is one of the famous precious edible fungi. It has obvious curative effect on weight loss, cancer prevention, blood pressure lowering, whitening and so on. The climate of Tongzi County in Guizhou Province is significantly suitable for the growth and reproduction of many characteristic resources, and the wild Phyllostachys pubescens resources in ethnic areas are rich. However, in recent years, due to the influence of natural climate and environment and human activities, the national folk ecosystem and traditional culture have also changed accordingly. In particular, with the rapid development of the market economy in recent years, the changes of national traditional culture and the environmental pollution caused by the rapid development of the market economy, as well as the continuous deforestation of a large number of bamboo forests, the environment on which the wild Dictyophora lives has been seriously damaged. The resources of wild Phyllostachys pubescens are gradually decreasing. The suitable habitat of organisms includes natural environment and microenvironment. This paper uses the method of ethnographic field investigation to study the growth environment and cognition of wild Phyllostachys pubescens in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province. The medical use and the reasons for the reduction of Dictyophora longskirt were investigated. At the same time, the soil with and without the growth of Dictyophora in the same bamboo forest was collected, and the microbial diversity was studied by chemical, molecular biology and other professional research methods, and the coupling degree of chemical and molecular biological methods was compared. It provides a scientific basis for further exploration of the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima and the protection of the germline resources of Phyllostachys pubescens. According to the survey, in terms of cognition and use of Dictyophora, the older people of ethnic groups have a higher degree of recognition of wild Dictyophora, while the young people know less about Dictyophora. In the aspect of suitable habitat, Dictyophora longissima mostly grows in spring and summer, and the growing land is more humid, dark and rotting bamboo leaves. In terms of the reasons for the reduction of Dictyophora longskirt, due to cultural changes, environmental pollution, forest destruction and other problems, the living environment on which Dictyophora depends has been destroyed, and the number of wild Dictyophora has been declining. At present, there is no report on the study of soil microorganisms in the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima. Based on the continuous reduction of the resources of wild Dictyophora longissima in Tongzi County, it is necessary to analyze and study the microenvironment. In this paper, soil samples were collected from Shuiba Tang Town, Tongzi County, and the diversity of microbial communities in soil was analyzed by high throughput sequence technique with 16s rRNA and ITS sequences as targets by PCR-DGGE method. According to the results, there was a great difference in the microbial community structure between the rhizosphere soil of Dictyophora longissima and the soil without the growth of Dictyophora longifolium, and the genus Phyllostachys pubescens was rich in the rhizosphere soil of Dictyophora longifolia. Pleurotus fungi and Enterobacillus bacteria may be beneficial to the growth of Dictyophora. Through field investigation and scientific research, it is found that there is a high degree of coupling between the public's cognition and chemistry of the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima and the results of molecular biology research on the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima. This provides a scientific basis for the study of the suitable habitat of wild Phyllostachys pubescens in Tongzi area of Guizhou Province and for the effective protection and rational utilization of Phyllostachys pubescens germplasm resources. At the same time, this paper analyzes the reasons for the decrease of wild Phyllostachys pubescens in Tongzi nationality of Guizhou Province from many aspects, and summarizes the suitable growth environment of wild Dictyophora longissima. Combined with the suitable habitat of wild Phyllostachys pubescens, this paper puts forward the following two suggestions on the conservation of resources and biodiversity of Dictyophora sinensis: first, to strengthen publicity and enhance the awareness of biodiversity conservation among ethnic and folk populations; The second is to strengthen the protection of genetic resources of Dictyophora and carry out remedial programs.
【學位授予單位】：貴州民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S646.8
本文編號：2486427
[Abstract]:Dictyophora longskirt, delicious taste, is one of the famous precious edible fungi. It has obvious curative effect on weight loss, cancer prevention, blood pressure lowering, whitening and so on. The climate of Tongzi County in Guizhou Province is significantly suitable for the growth and reproduction of many characteristic resources, and the wild Phyllostachys pubescens resources in ethnic areas are rich. However, in recent years, due to the influence of natural climate and environment and human activities, the national folk ecosystem and traditional culture have also changed accordingly. In particular, with the rapid development of the market economy in recent years, the changes of national traditional culture and the environmental pollution caused by the rapid development of the market economy, as well as the continuous deforestation of a large number of bamboo forests, the environment on which the wild Dictyophora lives has been seriously damaged. The resources of wild Phyllostachys pubescens are gradually decreasing. The suitable habitat of organisms includes natural environment and microenvironment. This paper uses the method of ethnographic field investigation to study the growth environment and cognition of wild Phyllostachys pubescens in Tongzi County, Guizhou Province. The medical use and the reasons for the reduction of Dictyophora longskirt were investigated. At the same time, the soil with and without the growth of Dictyophora in the same bamboo forest was collected, and the microbial diversity was studied by chemical, molecular biology and other professional research methods, and the coupling degree of chemical and molecular biological methods was compared. It provides a scientific basis for further exploration of the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima and the protection of the germline resources of Phyllostachys pubescens. According to the survey, in terms of cognition and use of Dictyophora, the older people of ethnic groups have a higher degree of recognition of wild Dictyophora, while the young people know less about Dictyophora. In the aspect of suitable habitat, Dictyophora longissima mostly grows in spring and summer, and the growing land is more humid, dark and rotting bamboo leaves. In terms of the reasons for the reduction of Dictyophora longskirt, due to cultural changes, environmental pollution, forest destruction and other problems, the living environment on which Dictyophora depends has been destroyed, and the number of wild Dictyophora has been declining. At present, there is no report on the study of soil microorganisms in the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima. Based on the continuous reduction of the resources of wild Dictyophora longissima in Tongzi County, it is necessary to analyze and study the microenvironment. In this paper, soil samples were collected from Shuiba Tang Town, Tongzi County, and the diversity of microbial communities in soil was analyzed by high throughput sequence technique with 16s rRNA and ITS sequences as targets by PCR-DGGE method. According to the results, there was a great difference in the microbial community structure between the rhizosphere soil of Dictyophora longissima and the soil without the growth of Dictyophora longifolium, and the genus Phyllostachys pubescens was rich in the rhizosphere soil of Dictyophora longifolia. Pleurotus fungi and Enterobacillus bacteria may be beneficial to the growth of Dictyophora. Through field investigation and scientific research, it is found that there is a high degree of coupling between the public's cognition and chemistry of the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima and the results of molecular biology research on the suitable habitat of Dictyophora longissima. This provides a scientific basis for the study of the suitable habitat of wild Phyllostachys pubescens in Tongzi area of Guizhou Province and for the effective protection and rational utilization of Phyllostachys pubescens germplasm resources. At the same time, this paper analyzes the reasons for the decrease of wild Phyllostachys pubescens in Tongzi nationality of Guizhou Province from many aspects, and summarizes the suitable growth environment of wild Dictyophora longissima. Combined with the suitable habitat of wild Phyllostachys pubescens, this paper puts forward the following two suggestions on the conservation of resources and biodiversity of Dictyophora sinensis: first, to strengthen publicity and enhance the awareness of biodiversity conservation among ethnic and folk populations; The second is to strengthen the protection of genetic resources of Dictyophora and carry out remedial programs.
【學位授予單位】：貴州民族大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S646.8
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