蠶蛹油在吉富羅非魚飼料中的應(yīng)用研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-24 12:57
【摘要】：蠶蛹油中不飽和脂肪酸的相對(duì)含量為61.5%,富含淡水魚類的必需脂肪酸α-亞麻酸(C18:3n-3),且C18:3n-3可在淡水魚體內(nèi)衍生為高不飽和脂肪酸中的EPA(C20:5n-3)和DHA(C22:6n-3),是水產(chǎn)飼料中極具潛力的油源。為探究蠶蛹油在吉富羅非魚飼料中應(yīng)用的可行性,展開了以下兩方面的研究:1.蠶蛹油等7種油脂對(duì)吉富羅非魚生長(zhǎng)、體組成及脂質(zhì)代謝影響的比較飼料中分別添加5.0%的蠶蛹油(SPO)、海水魚油(MFO)、羅非魚油(TO)、豬油(PL)、雞油(CO)、亞麻籽油(LO)和大豆油(SO),配制成7種等氮等脂試驗(yàn)飼料,飼喂初始均重為(47.51±0.52)g的試驗(yàn)魚。每個(gè)處理設(shè)置3個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)放魚20尾,進(jìn)行56 d的養(yǎng)殖試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示:羅非魚終末均重、增重率和特定生長(zhǎng)率均為L(zhǎng)O和SO組顯著高于SPO和MFO組,與TO、PL和CO組差異不顯著。飼料系數(shù)SPO組顯著高于除MFO組外的其余各組,而蛋白質(zhì)效率與之相反。攝食量SPO組最低,SO組最高。TO組羅非魚臟體比、體長(zhǎng)/體高和腹脂率均為最低,而肥滿度最高。肝體比PL組顯著高于除LO組外的其他各組。腹脂率MFO組顯著高于除CO組外的其余各組。同其他組相比,SPO可降低羅非魚全魚、組織粗脂肪及血清甘油三酯(TG)、葡萄糖和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;MFO可降低全魚粗脂肪的含量和提高肝臟乙酰輔酶A羧化酶(ACC)的活性;PL組羅非魚血清TG和總膽固醇(TC)含量均較低,而肝臟肉堿脂酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶-I(CPT-I)和ACC活性均較高;CO組血清TG、TC、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)含量和谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶活性均為最高;LO和SO可顯著提高羅非魚對(duì)飼料脂肪的沉積率和全魚、肌肉粗脂肪的含量,SO還可顯著提高血清高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)和降低LDL-C、TC的含量;SPO、LO和SO可分別顯著提高羅非魚肌肉中高不飽和脂肪酸、α-亞麻酸和亞油酸的含量。研究表明,SPO作為吉富羅非魚飼料的單一脂肪源,雖會(huì)影響其生長(zhǎng)性能,但具有降體脂、血脂和血糖,保護(hù)魚體健康和優(yōu)化肌肉脂肪酸組成等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。2.蠶蛹油和大豆油組合對(duì)吉富羅非魚生長(zhǎng)、體組成及脂質(zhì)代謝的影響試驗(yàn)以蠶蛹油和大豆油為脂肪源,總添加水平為5%,配置成5種等氮等脂的試驗(yàn)飼料。蠶蛹油(大豆油)添加水平依次為5%(0%)、3.75%(1.25%)、2.5%(2.5%)、1.25%(3.75%)和0%(5%),分別命名為SPO、SPO:SO 3:1、SPO:SO 2:2、SPO:SO1:3和SO。飼喂初始均重為(48.07±0.23)g的吉富羅非魚。每個(gè)處理設(shè)置3個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)放魚20尾,進(jìn)行56 d的養(yǎng)殖試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示:隨著蠶蛹油比例的不斷上升和大豆油比例的不斷下降,吉富羅非魚末均重、增重率、特定生長(zhǎng)率、蛋白質(zhì)效率和攝食量均呈先上升后下降再穩(wěn)定的趨勢(shì),都在SPO:SO 3:1組達(dá)到最大值,SPO組達(dá)到最小值,飼料系數(shù)正好與之相反;體長(zhǎng)/體高、腸脂系數(shù)呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),臟體比、肝體比和肥滿度各組間差異不顯著;全魚、肝臟和肌肉粗脂肪均呈先上升后穩(wěn)定的趨勢(shì),全魚粗灰分呈先上升后下降再穩(wěn)定的趨勢(shì),全魚水分呈先下降后穩(wěn)定的趨勢(shì),而肝臟水分則無規(guī)律;羅非魚對(duì)飼料中干物質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)和灰分的沉積率均呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),脂肪沉積率呈先上升后穩(wěn)定的趨勢(shì);吉富羅非魚肌肉中亞油酸含量呈上升趨勢(shì),α-亞麻酸和高不飽和脂肪酸含量呈下降趨勢(shì);吉富羅非魚血清TG不斷升高,HDL-C與CPT-I呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),且均在蠶蛹油:大豆油2:2組表現(xiàn)為最大值。LDL-C、ACC和GPT呈先下降后上升的趨勢(shì),且均在蠶蛹油:大豆油3:1組出現(xiàn)最小值,MDA和堿性磷酸酶均呈先上升后下降趨勢(shì)。綜上所述,蠶蛹油與大豆油的組合中蠶蛹油占50%~75%時(shí),對(duì)提高吉富羅非魚生長(zhǎng)性能,促進(jìn)魚體對(duì)飼料干物質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)和礦物質(zhì)的沉積效率,保護(hù)魚體健康等效果最佳。
[Abstract]:The relative content of the unsaturated fatty acid in the sericulture oil is 61.5%, and the essential fatty acid-linolenic acid (C18: 3n-3) rich in the freshwater fish is rich in the essential fatty acid-linolenic acid (C18: 3n-3), and the C18: 3n-3 can be derived into the EPA (C20: 5n-3) and the DHA (C22: 6n-3) in the high-unsaturated fatty acid in the freshwater fish body, and is an oil source with great potential in the water-producing feed. In order to study the feasibility of the application of the sericulture oil in the feed of the tilapia mossambica, the following two aspects were studied:1. 7 kinds of oil, such as silkworm pupa oil, were added with 5.0% of silkworm pupa oil (SPO), seawater fish oil (MFO), tilapia oil (TO), lard (PL), chicken oil (CO), flaxseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO), respectively, to the comparison feed of the growth, body composition and lipid metabolism of the tilapia. The experimental fish with the initial weight of (47.51-0.52) g were fed into 7 kinds of equal-fat test feed, such as nitrogen and the like. Three replicates were set for each process, and 20 tail of each of the replicates was repeated, and a culture test of 56d was performed. The results showed that the terminal weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of the tilapia were significantly higher than that of the SPO and MFO groups, and the difference between the terminal weight, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the tilapia was significantly higher than that of the SPO and MFO groups. The feed coefficient SPO group was significantly higher than the other groups except the MFO group, and the protein efficiency was the opposite. The food consumption was the lowest in the SPO group and the highest in the SO group. The body length/ body height and the abdominal fat rate were the lowest in the TO group, and the fatness was the highest. The liver volume was significantly higher in the PL group than in the other groups except the LO group. The abdominal fat rate MFO group was significantly higher than the other groups except the CO group. Compared with the other groups, the SPO can reduce the content of the whole fish, the crude fat and the serum triglyceride (TG), the glucose and the malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tilapia, and the MFO can reduce the crude fat content of the whole fish and improve the activity of the liver B-type coenzyme A (ACC); The contents of serum TG and total cholesterol (TC) were lower in group PL, and the contents of serum TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and aspartate aminotransferase were the highest in CO group. The LO and SO can obviously improve the deposition rate of the feed fat and the content of the whole fish and the muscle in the tilapia, and the SO can also remarkably improve the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and reduce the content of the LDL-C and the TC; and the SPO, the LO and the SO can obviously improve the high unsaturated fatty acid in the tilapia muscle, The content of linolenic acid and linoleic acid. The results show that SPO can be used as a single fat source for the feed of tilapia mossambica, although it can affect its growth performance, but it has the advantages of reducing body fat, blood fat and blood sugar, protecting the health of fish body and optimizing the composition of muscle fatty acid. The effects of the combination of sericulture oil and soybean oil on the growth, body composition and lipid metabolism of the tilapia were studied. The addition level of the sericulture oil (soybean oil) was 5% (0%), 3.75% (1.25%), 2.5% (2.5%), 1.25% (3.75%) and 0% (5%), respectively, named SPO, SPO: SO 3:1, SPO: SO 2:2, SPO: SO1:3 and SO. The initial weight of the feed was (48.07-0.23) g of the tilapia. Three replicates were set for each process, and 20 tail of each of the replicates was repeated, and a culture test of 56d was performed. The results showed that with the rising of the proportion of the sericulture oil and the decrease of the proportion of the soybean oil, the final weight, the weight gain, the specific growth rate, the protein efficiency and the food consumption of the tilapia were all the same. In the SPO group, the minimum value and the feed coefficient were the opposite; the body length/ body height and the intestinal fat coefficient decreased after the first rise, and the difference between the body weight ratio, the liver body ratio and the fat filling degree was not significant; the whole fish, the liver and the muscle crude fat had a stable tendency after the first rise, The crude ash of the whole fish has a tendency of falling and restable after the first rising, and the water in the whole fish is stable after the first drop, while the water in the liver is not regular; the deposition rate of the dry matter, the protein and the ash in the feed of the tilapia is increased after the first rise, The content of linoleic acid in the muscle of the tilapia is increasing, and the content of the linoleic acid and the high unsaturated fatty acid in the muscle of the tilapia is decreasing. The serum TG of the tilapia is increasing, and the levels of HDL-C and CPT-I decrease after the first rise, and are all in the oil of the silkworm. The soybean oil 2:2 group showed a maximum value. LDL-C, ACC and GPT tended to decrease in the first time, and all were in the sericulture oil: soybean oil 3:1, the minimum value, and the decrease of MDA and alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, when the silkworm pupa oil accounts for 50 to 75 percent of the combination of the sericulture oil and the soybean oil, the growth performance of the tilapia is improved, the fish body can be used for improving the deposition efficiency of the feed dry matter, the protein and the minerals, and protecting the health of the fish body and the like.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S965.125
本文編號(hào)：2484880
[Abstract]:The relative content of the unsaturated fatty acid in the sericulture oil is 61.5%, and the essential fatty acid-linolenic acid (C18: 3n-3) rich in the freshwater fish is rich in the essential fatty acid-linolenic acid (C18: 3n-3), and the C18: 3n-3 can be derived into the EPA (C20: 5n-3) and the DHA (C22: 6n-3) in the high-unsaturated fatty acid in the freshwater fish body, and is an oil source with great potential in the water-producing feed. In order to study the feasibility of the application of the sericulture oil in the feed of the tilapia mossambica, the following two aspects were studied:1. 7 kinds of oil, such as silkworm pupa oil, were added with 5.0% of silkworm pupa oil (SPO), seawater fish oil (MFO), tilapia oil (TO), lard (PL), chicken oil (CO), flaxseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO), respectively, to the comparison feed of the growth, body composition and lipid metabolism of the tilapia. The experimental fish with the initial weight of (47.51-0.52) g were fed into 7 kinds of equal-fat test feed, such as nitrogen and the like. Three replicates were set for each process, and 20 tail of each of the replicates was repeated, and a culture test of 56d was performed. The results showed that the terminal weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of the tilapia were significantly higher than that of the SPO and MFO groups, and the difference between the terminal weight, the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the tilapia was significantly higher than that of the SPO and MFO groups. The feed coefficient SPO group was significantly higher than the other groups except the MFO group, and the protein efficiency was the opposite. The food consumption was the lowest in the SPO group and the highest in the SO group. The body length/ body height and the abdominal fat rate were the lowest in the TO group, and the fatness was the highest. The liver volume was significantly higher in the PL group than in the other groups except the LO group. The abdominal fat rate MFO group was significantly higher than the other groups except the CO group. Compared with the other groups, the SPO can reduce the content of the whole fish, the crude fat and the serum triglyceride (TG), the glucose and the malondialdehyde (MDA) in the tilapia, and the MFO can reduce the crude fat content of the whole fish and improve the activity of the liver B-type coenzyme A (ACC); The contents of serum TG and total cholesterol (TC) were lower in group PL, and the contents of serum TG, TC, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and aspartate aminotransferase were the highest in CO group. The LO and SO can obviously improve the deposition rate of the feed fat and the content of the whole fish and the muscle in the tilapia, and the SO can also remarkably improve the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and reduce the content of the LDL-C and the TC; and the SPO, the LO and the SO can obviously improve the high unsaturated fatty acid in the tilapia muscle, The content of linolenic acid and linoleic acid. The results show that SPO can be used as a single fat source for the feed of tilapia mossambica, although it can affect its growth performance, but it has the advantages of reducing body fat, blood fat and blood sugar, protecting the health of fish body and optimizing the composition of muscle fatty acid. The effects of the combination of sericulture oil and soybean oil on the growth, body composition and lipid metabolism of the tilapia were studied. The addition level of the sericulture oil (soybean oil) was 5% (0%), 3.75% (1.25%), 2.5% (2.5%), 1.25% (3.75%) and 0% (5%), respectively, named SPO, SPO: SO 3:1, SPO: SO 2:2, SPO: SO1:3 and SO. The initial weight of the feed was (48.07-0.23) g of the tilapia. Three replicates were set for each process, and 20 tail of each of the replicates was repeated, and a culture test of 56d was performed. The results showed that with the rising of the proportion of the sericulture oil and the decrease of the proportion of the soybean oil, the final weight, the weight gain, the specific growth rate, the protein efficiency and the food consumption of the tilapia were all the same. In the SPO group, the minimum value and the feed coefficient were the opposite; the body length/ body height and the intestinal fat coefficient decreased after the first rise, and the difference between the body weight ratio, the liver body ratio and the fat filling degree was not significant; the whole fish, the liver and the muscle crude fat had a stable tendency after the first rise, The crude ash of the whole fish has a tendency of falling and restable after the first rising, and the water in the whole fish is stable after the first drop, while the water in the liver is not regular; the deposition rate of the dry matter, the protein and the ash in the feed of the tilapia is increased after the first rise, The content of linoleic acid in the muscle of the tilapia is increasing, and the content of the linoleic acid and the high unsaturated fatty acid in the muscle of the tilapia is decreasing. The serum TG of the tilapia is increasing, and the levels of HDL-C and CPT-I decrease after the first rise, and are all in the oil of the silkworm. The soybean oil 2:2 group showed a maximum value. LDL-C, ACC and GPT tended to decrease in the first time, and all were in the sericulture oil: soybean oil 3:1, the minimum value, and the decrease of MDA and alkaline phosphatase. In conclusion, when the silkworm pupa oil accounts for 50 to 75 percent of the combination of the sericulture oil and the soybean oil, the growth performance of the tilapia is improved, the fish body can be used for improving the deposition efficiency of the feed dry matter, the protein and the minerals, and protecting the health of the fish body and the like.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S965.125
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10 朱大世;饑餓和不同脂肪源對(duì)草魚體脂含量及脂肪酸合成酶的影響[D];華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2005年
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