【摘要】：本試驗旨在研究山東省不同生態(tài)區(qū)飼料資源營養(yǎng)價值差異,建立山東省常規(guī)飼料資源營養(yǎng)價值數(shù)據(jù)庫,并在此基礎(chǔ)上建立以起青粗飼料為分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的TMR日糧配方庫。本試驗采集山東省各個生態(tài)區(qū),精粗飼料共33種,并對其進行營養(yǎng)價值評定,選用4頭安裝有永久性瘤胃瘺管的健康杜泊羊作為試驗動物,采用尼龍袋法測定飼料降解率。另外,本試驗對山東省17地市52家養(yǎng)殖場進行實地考察,根據(jù)養(yǎng)殖場規(guī)模不同進行分類;針對山東省各生態(tài)區(qū)有特色和利用價值的30種非常規(guī)飼料進行開發(fā)。并在前兩項工作的基礎(chǔ)上,以粗飼料為分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建立了TMR日糧配方庫。本研究的主要研究結(jié)果如下:首先,本試驗根據(jù)全省的地形、土壤、降水及水文植被分布等自然環(huán)境條件特點,同時考慮飼草、作物品種資源分布,將山東省劃分為環(huán)渤海灣地區(qū)、魯西平原地區(qū)、魯中南山地丘陵地區(qū)和魯東沿海丘陵地區(qū)共四個生態(tài)小區(qū)。本試驗完成了山東省四個生態(tài)區(qū)飼料資源及地域性飼料原料營養(yǎng)價值的評定。結(jié)果顯示,山東省常見飼料中不同生態(tài)區(qū)自產(chǎn)的谷實類、青粗飼料類原料,同種類原料營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)含量及降解率在地區(qū)之間差異顯著(P0.05),糠麩類、餅粕類加工副產(chǎn)品地區(qū)間差異不顯著(P0.05)。由此可見,自產(chǎn)飼料原料具有地域性差異,飼料養(yǎng)分含量受生長環(huán)境因子影響較大;加工副產(chǎn)品,尤其是餅粕類飼料,原料多是貿(mào)易商外購,非本地生產(chǎn),營養(yǎng)成分差異不大。本試驗對環(huán)渤海灣地區(qū)的蘆葦草、皇竹草、高丹草等進行取樣和營養(yǎng)成分分析,結(jié)果顯示,蘆葦草、皇竹草的CP含量達(dá)10%以上(分別是10.15%和10.92%);沾化棗樹葉CP含量為9.66%,ADF含量僅為24.75%。紫花苜蓿中的WL343HQ苜蓿與其他苜蓿相比,在干物質(zhì)水平無差異的情況下,CP含量明顯高于其他品種;雜交枸樹的CP含量達(dá)24.57%。本試驗完成了山東省肉羊養(yǎng)殖模式的調(diào)查研究,調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示山東省的養(yǎng)殖模式主要為集約化程度高的大型養(yǎng)殖場和以家庭為主的中小型養(yǎng)殖場,日糧供給模式是以“集約化生產(chǎn)的精料+本地青粗料”完成的TMR日糧。本試驗根據(jù)肉羊的生長特點,結(jié)合本研究中飼料營養(yǎng)價值評定結(jié)果,完成了以地瓜秧、花生秧、羊草、混合料(50%地瓜秧+50%玉米秸)等粗飼料為分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的肉羊TMR日糧配方庫建設(shè),探索了本地飼料資源開發(fā)利用與肉羊養(yǎng)殖草畜一體化建設(shè)的可行模式。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this experiment was to study the difference of nutritional value of feed resources in different ecological areas of Shandong Province, to establish a database of nutritional value of conventional feed resources in Shandong Province, and to establish a TMR diet formula database with Qingqing roughage as the classification standard. In this experiment, 33 kinds of fine roughage were collected from various ecological areas of Shandong Province, and their nutritional value was evaluated. 4 healthy Dupo sheep with permanent rumen fistula were selected as experimental animals, and the feed degradation rate was determined by nylon bag method. In addition, 52 farms in 17 cities of Shandong Province were investigated and classified according to the scale of farms, and 30 kinds of unconventional fodder with characteristics and utilization value in each ecological area of Shandong Province were developed. On the basis of the first two tasks, the TMR dietary formula database was established with roughage as the classification standard. The main results of this study are as follows: first of all, according to the characteristics of natural environmental conditions such as topography, soil, precipitation and hydrological vegetation distribution in the whole province, and considering the distribution of forage grass and crop variety resources, Shandong Province is divided into four ecological areas: Bohai Bay area, Luxi Plain area, mountainous and hilly area in central and southern Shandong and coastal hilly area in eastern Shandong. In this experiment, the nutritional value of feed resources and regional feed materials in four ecological areas of Shandong Province was evaluated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the nutrient content and degradation rate of the same kind of raw materials among the different ecological areas of Shandong Province (P 0.05), and there were significant differences in the nutrient content and degradation rate of the same kind of raw materials among the different ecological areas of Shandong Province (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in by-products of cake processing (P 0.05). Thus it can be seen that the feed raw materials have regional differences, and the feed nutrient content is greatly affected by the growth environment factors. Processing by-products, especially cake feed, most of the raw materials are purchased by traders, non-local production, and the nutritional composition is not different. In this experiment, Reed grass, Huangzhu grass and Gaodan grass in Bohai Bay area were sampled and analyzed. The results showed that the CP content of Reed grass and Phyllostachys pubescens was more than 10% (10.15% and 10.92%, respectively). The content of CP in leaves of Zhanhua jujube was 9.66%, and that of Zhanhua jujube was only 24.75%. Compared with other Medicago sativa, the content of CP in WL343HQ was significantly higher than that in other varieties under the condition of no difference in dry matter level, and the CP content of hybrid Lycium sativa was 24.57%. In this experiment, the investigation and study of meat sheep breeding model in Shandong Province were completed. The results showed that the breeding mode in Shandong Province was mainly large scale farms with high degree of intensification and small and medium-sized farms dominated by families. The dietary supply model is TMR diet with "intensive production of concentrate local green crude material". According to the growth characteristics of meat sheep and the evaluation results of feed nutritional value in this study, the experiment completed the use of papaya seedling, peanut seedling and Leymus chinensis. The construction of TMR ration compound bank of meat sheep with mixture (50% ground melon seedling 50% corn straw) as the classification standard was studied in this paper. The feasible mode of local feed resources development and utilization and the integration construction of meat sheep, grass and livestock were explored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S826.5

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