【摘要】：本文介紹了2010年-2016年對秦皇島市外來入侵植物的調查,調查結果表明:(1)秦皇島市存在的外來入侵植物共計22科57種。其中,水生植物3科3種;陸生植物21科54種。從原產地分析,以來自美洲的物種居多,要加強對來自美洲國家人員和物品的檢疫工作。從傳入途徑分析,人為有目的引入是主要的傳入因素,希望有關部門和人員在引入外來物種的同時也要加強監(jiān)管。(2)秦皇島市豚草總發(fā)生面積為132.1km2。從分布上看,全秦皇島市范圍內均有發(fā)生,其中青龍縣發(fā)生程度最低,但潛在威脅最大。青龍縣以山區(qū)為主,一旦大面積蔓延,將會給滅除工作帶來極大困難。從生境上分析,以路邊、溝渠、林地為主,農田、果園偶有發(fā)現(xiàn)。其中路邊發(fā)生面積最大,同時路邊生長的豚草與人接觸密切,而豚草的主要危害之一就是其花粉會使人產生嚴重的過敏反應。因此豚草防控工作的重點是控制路邊豚草的發(fā)生。(3)秦皇島市少花蒺藜草總發(fā)生面積20hm2,集中分布在昌黎縣翡翠島景區(qū)周邊,近幾年發(fā)展迅速,已經形成種群優(yōu)勢,具有蔓延擴散的風險。少花蒺藜草在秦皇島市的發(fā)生面積雖然并不是很大,分布范圍也不是很廣,但潛在危害巨大。少花蒺藜草繁殖能力強、適應性強、滅除困難,其主要生境是沙地,而秦皇島市沙地主要分布在海灘一帶,這里植被稀少,生物多樣性低,一旦被外來植物入侵,將會對整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成不可逆轉的破壞,同時也會給秦皇島市的旅游業(yè)造成巨大損失。本文調查旨在為秦皇島地區(qū)的外來入侵植物防控工作提供可靠的參考依據。
[Abstract]:This paper introduces the investigation of exotic invasive plants in Qinhuangdao from 2010 to 2016. The results show that: (1) there are 22 families and 57 species of alien invasive plants in Qinhuangdao. Among them, 3 species of aquatic plants and 54 species of 21 families of terrestrial plants. From the origin analysis, mainly species from the Americas, the quarantine of people and articles from American countries should be strengthened. It is hoped that the relevant departments and personnel should strengthen supervision while introducing alien species. (2) the total occurrence area of ragweed in Qinhuangdao City is 132.1 km ~ (2) 路(2) the total occurrence area of ragweed in Qinhuangdao City is 132.1 km ~ (2). In terms of distribution, Qinhuangdao has occurred all over the city, among which Qinglong County has the lowest degree of occurrence, but the potential threat is the greatest. Qinglong County is mainly mountainous area, once large area spread, will bring great difficulty to eliminate work. From the habitat analysis, roadside, ditch, woodland, farmland, orchard occasionally found. One of the main hazards of ragweed is that its pollen will cause severe allergic reactions to people. The area of the roadside is the largest, and the roadside growing ragweed is in close contact with human beings, and one of the main hazards of ragweed is that its pollen will cause serious allergic reactions. Therefore, the focus of the work on the prevention and control of ragweed is to control the occurrence of the roadside ragweed. (3) the total occurrence area of Tribulus tribulatum in Qinhuangdao City is 20hm2, which is concentrated around the Jade Island scenic spot in Changli County, and has developed rapidly in recent years, and has formed a population advantage. There is a risk of spread. Although the occurrence area of Tribulus terrestris in Qinhuangdao is not very large and the distribution range is not very wide, the potential harm is enormous. The main habitat of Tribulus terrestris is sandy land, while the sandy land of Qinhuangdao City is mainly distributed along the beach, where vegetation is scarce, biodiversity is low, and once invaded by exotic plants, Will cause irreversible damage to the entire ecosystem, but also to the tourism industry in Qinhuangdao City. The purpose of this investigation is to provide reliable reference for the prevention and control of alien invasive plants in Qinhuangdao area.
【學位授予單位】：河北科技師范學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S45

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