作物寬壟溝灌耗水特性試驗與模糊評判研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-15 15:47
【摘要】：本文根據(jù)2013-2014年田間試驗數(shù)據(jù)、理論研究和數(shù)學(xué)分析相結(jié)合的技術(shù)路線,對不同種植模式條件下夏玉米和冬小麥的生理生態(tài)特性、耗水特性和產(chǎn)量進行了常規(guī)分析研究,并采用模糊數(shù)學(xué)方法對一年的試驗結(jié)果進行了分析驗證。主要研究內(nèi)容為:(1)與常規(guī)種植模式相比,寬壟種植模式下的冬小麥和夏玉米的生育期都有延遲,這為冬小麥和夏玉米的最終產(chǎn)量增加奠定了一定的基礎(chǔ)。在種植方式一定的情況下,冬小麥和夏玉米的株高和葉面積隨著水分控制下限的提高而相應(yīng)的增大,即冬小麥和夏玉米的株高和葉面積與試驗處理的水分控制下限有著正相關(guān)的關(guān)系。當(dāng)水分控制下限一定時,較之常規(guī)種植模式,寬壟溝灌的種植條件下的冬小麥和夏玉米的株高和葉面積都比較高。冬小麥的產(chǎn)量最大的處理是寬壟種植模式下L-80,達到了8092.5kg/hm2;夏玉米的產(chǎn)量最大的處理是寬壟種植模式下L-70,達到了7703.39kg/hm2。(2)當(dāng)水分處理條件相同時,寬壟溝灌處理的冬小麥和夏玉米耗水量均低于常規(guī)溝灌處理;當(dāng)種植模式相同時,水分控制下限越高的處理,冬小麥和夏玉米的耗水量越大。寬壟種植模式條件下,3種水分處理的水分生產(chǎn)效率較常規(guī)常規(guī)種植高。綜上可知,寬壟種植模式優(yōu)于常規(guī)種植模式。當(dāng)種植條件下可灌溉利用水資源較為匱乏的時候,可采取節(jié)約灌溉水量、犧牲一部分產(chǎn)量的種植灌溉方式,即水分處理為60%的寬壟種植(WFI-60);當(dāng)種植條件下可灌溉利用水資源充足時,可采取保證產(chǎn)量、犧牲水量的種植灌溉方式,即水分處理為70%的寬壟種植(WFI-70)。(3)為了研究模糊數(shù)學(xué)在冬小麥、夏玉米耗水特性和產(chǎn)量方面的應(yīng)用,本文采用改進的模糊綜合評判模型,綜合評價了冬小麥和夏玉米不同生育階段耗水量、產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素對種植方式和溝灌方式的響應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明:寬壟種植條件下,冬小麥的水分生產(chǎn)效率較常規(guī)種植高,其中水分處理為田間持水量80%的寬壟種植處理的水分生產(chǎn)效率最高(1.92 kg/m3),水分處理為田間持水量60%的常規(guī)種植處理的最低(1.64 kg/m3)。與模糊綜合評判法相比較,兩者吻合性較好。冬小麥產(chǎn)量隨著水分控制下限的提高而提高,夏玉米產(chǎn)量隨著水分控制下限的提高而呈現(xiàn)出先增大后減小的趨勢,其對應(yīng)的模糊綜合評判結(jié)果與實際產(chǎn)量相一致。因此,冬小麥、夏玉米的耗水和量因素的模糊綜合評判結(jié)果與大田試驗結(jié)果吻合度較高。表明該方法適用于節(jié)水灌溉效應(yīng)的評判研究,可為節(jié)水灌溉試驗結(jié)果評價提供科學(xué)借鑒。
[Abstract]:The physiological and ecological characteristics, water consumption characteristics and yield of summer maize and winter wheat under different planting patterns were studied on the basis of field experiment data, theoretical research and mathematical analysis in 2013-2014. The test results for one year are analyzed and verified by using fuzzy mathematics method. The main contents are as follows: (1) compared with the conventional planting mode, the growth period of winter wheat and summer maize under wide ridge planting mode is delayed, which lays a foundation for the increase of final yield of winter wheat and summer maize. Under certain planting patterns, the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat and summer maize increased with the increase of the lower limit of water control. That is, the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat and summer maize have a positive correlation with the lower limit of water control. When the lower limit of water control is fixed, the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat and summer maize under the condition of wide ridge irrigation and furrow irrigation are higher than that of conventional planting mode. The maximum yield of winter wheat was under wide ridge planting mode, which reached 8092.5 kg / hm ~ 2; The maximum yield of summer maize was under wide ridge planting mode, which reached 7703.39 kg 路h ~ 2 路(2) the water consumption of winter wheat and summer maize treated by wide ridge furrow irrigation was lower than that of conventional furrow irrigation treatment when the water treatment conditions were the same, and the yield of winter wheat and summer maize under wide ridge furrow irrigation was lower than that of conventional furrow irrigation. When the planting pattern is the same, the higher the lower limit of water control, the greater the water consumption of winter wheat and summer corn. Under the condition of wide ridge planting mode, the water production efficiency of three kinds of water treatment was higher than that of conventional planting. On the whole, the broad ridge planting mode is better than the conventional planting mode. When the irrigation water resources are scarce under the condition of planting, the irrigation method can be used to save irrigation water and sacrifice some yield, that is, 60% wide ridge planting (WFI-60) with water treatment; When sufficient water resources can be used for irrigation under planting conditions, the planting irrigation mode of ensuring yield and sacrificing water quantity can be adopted, that is, wide ridge planting (WFI-70). (3) with 70% water treatment in order to study the application of fuzzy mathematics in winter wheat. Based on the application of water consumption characteristics and yield of summer maize, an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the response of water consumption and yield components of winter wheat and summer maize at different growth stages to planting mode and furrow irrigation mode. The results showed that the water production efficiency of winter wheat under the condition of wide ridge planting was higher than that of conventional planting, and the water production efficiency of wide ridge planting treatment with 80% water capacity in the field was the highest (1.92 kg/m3). Water treatment was the lowest (1.64 kg/m3) in conventional planting treatment with 60% water capacity in the field. Compared with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the two methods are in good agreement. The yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of the lower limit of water control, and the yield of summer maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of the lower limit of water control. The corresponding fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results were consistent with the actual yield. Therefore, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results of water consumption and quantity factors of winter wheat and summer maize are in good agreement with the results of field experiment. It is shown that the method is suitable for evaluating the effect of water-saving irrigation and can be used for scientific reference to evaluate the experimental results of water-saving irrigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S512.11;S513
本文編號：2440766
[Abstract]:The physiological and ecological characteristics, water consumption characteristics and yield of summer maize and winter wheat under different planting patterns were studied on the basis of field experiment data, theoretical research and mathematical analysis in 2013-2014. The test results for one year are analyzed and verified by using fuzzy mathematics method. The main contents are as follows: (1) compared with the conventional planting mode, the growth period of winter wheat and summer maize under wide ridge planting mode is delayed, which lays a foundation for the increase of final yield of winter wheat and summer maize. Under certain planting patterns, the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat and summer maize increased with the increase of the lower limit of water control. That is, the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat and summer maize have a positive correlation with the lower limit of water control. When the lower limit of water control is fixed, the plant height and leaf area of winter wheat and summer maize under the condition of wide ridge irrigation and furrow irrigation are higher than that of conventional planting mode. The maximum yield of winter wheat was under wide ridge planting mode, which reached 8092.5 kg / hm ~ 2; The maximum yield of summer maize was under wide ridge planting mode, which reached 7703.39 kg 路h ~ 2 路(2) the water consumption of winter wheat and summer maize treated by wide ridge furrow irrigation was lower than that of conventional furrow irrigation treatment when the water treatment conditions were the same, and the yield of winter wheat and summer maize under wide ridge furrow irrigation was lower than that of conventional furrow irrigation. When the planting pattern is the same, the higher the lower limit of water control, the greater the water consumption of winter wheat and summer corn. Under the condition of wide ridge planting mode, the water production efficiency of three kinds of water treatment was higher than that of conventional planting. On the whole, the broad ridge planting mode is better than the conventional planting mode. When the irrigation water resources are scarce under the condition of planting, the irrigation method can be used to save irrigation water and sacrifice some yield, that is, 60% wide ridge planting (WFI-60) with water treatment; When sufficient water resources can be used for irrigation under planting conditions, the planting irrigation mode of ensuring yield and sacrificing water quantity can be adopted, that is, wide ridge planting (WFI-70). (3) with 70% water treatment in order to study the application of fuzzy mathematics in winter wheat. Based on the application of water consumption characteristics and yield of summer maize, an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the response of water consumption and yield components of winter wheat and summer maize at different growth stages to planting mode and furrow irrigation mode. The results showed that the water production efficiency of winter wheat under the condition of wide ridge planting was higher than that of conventional planting, and the water production efficiency of wide ridge planting treatment with 80% water capacity in the field was the highest (1.92 kg/m3). Water treatment was the lowest (1.64 kg/m3) in conventional planting treatment with 60% water capacity in the field. Compared with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, the two methods are in good agreement. The yield of winter wheat increased with the increase of the lower limit of water control, and the yield of summer maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of the lower limit of water control. The corresponding fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results were consistent with the actual yield. Therefore, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results of water consumption and quantity factors of winter wheat and summer maize are in good agreement with the results of field experiment. It is shown that the method is suitable for evaluating the effect of water-saving irrigation and can be used for scientific reference to evaluate the experimental results of water-saving irrigation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北水利水電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S512.11;S513
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