【摘要】：本實(shí)驗(yàn)選用北高叢越橘品種“都克(Duke)”、半高叢越橘品種“北陸(Northland)”和矮叢越橘品種“美登(Blomidon)”為試材,利用石蠟切片技術(shù),研究三個(gè)越橘品種花芽形態(tài)分化過(guò)程;以“北陸(Northland)”為對(duì)象,研究越橘花芽生理分化期和形態(tài)分化期碳水化合物含量,7種礦質(zhì)元素含量(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn),以及遺傳物質(zhì)含量,探索其代謝規(guī)律以及對(duì)越橘花芽分化的影響,主要結(jié)果如下:(1)越橘花芽分化共分為7個(gè)時(shí)期:未分化期、分化初期、花序原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期以及雌蕊原基分化期。不同品種花芽分化所需時(shí)間各有不同,“北陸”花芽形態(tài)分化需歷時(shí)57天,從8月1日開(kāi)始,至9月26日結(jié)束;“美登”花芽形態(tài)分化需歷時(shí)47天,從7月10日開(kāi)始,至8月25日結(jié)束;“都克”花芽形態(tài)分化需歷時(shí)58天,從8月9日開(kāi)始,至10月4日結(jié)束。(2)花芽分化過(guò)程中葉片可溶性糖和淀粉含量變化趨勢(shì)均為先升后降。在花芽形態(tài)分化前期,可溶性糖含量增加,淀粉含量下降,是因?yàn)榈矸坜D(zhuǎn)化為可溶性糖,為越橘花器官形成提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)�？扇苄蕴呛偷矸酆康姆e累有利于越橘花芽形態(tài)分化期花器官的形成。(3)越橘的花芽分化需要高水平的C/N,促進(jìn)花器官的形成,生理分化期C/N值的增長(zhǎng)幅度可以作為判斷越橘花芽分化率大小的一個(gè)指標(biāo),C/N值增長(zhǎng)幅度越大,花芽分化率越大。(4)較低水平的N、Fe有益于越橘形態(tài)分化過(guò)程,P有利于越橘花芽由生理分化轉(zhuǎn)化為形態(tài)分化,Mg和Ca可促進(jìn)越橘花器官的形成,而積累適量的K和Mn可為開(kāi)花做準(zhǔn)備。(5)越橘花芽分化過(guò)程中,總核酸量、RNA含量增加顯著,RNA/DNA值高,細(xì)胞代謝活動(dòng)旺盛,促進(jìn)花芽中各個(gè)花器官形成。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, "Duke (Duke)", "Beilu (Northland)" and "Madden (Blomidon)" were used as the test materials, and paraffin slice technique was used to study the results of the experiment, including "Duke (Duke)", "Beilu (Northland)" and "Madden (Blomidon)". The process of flower bud morphological differentiation of three blueberry varieties was studied. The contents of carbohydrates, seven mineral elements (Nemg), and genetic material in blueberry flower bud during physiological differentiation and morphological differentiation were studied by using "(Northland)" as an object. The main results were as follows: (1) the flower bud differentiation of blueberry was divided into seven stages: undifferentiated period, early differentiation stage, inflorescence primordium differentiation stage, sepal primordium differentiation stage. Petal primordium differentiation, stamen primordium differentiation and pistil primordium differentiation. The time required for flower bud differentiation in different varieties was different. The morphological differentiation of flower bud in "Beilu" lasted 57 days, from August 1 to September 26. The flower bud morphological differentiation of Meideng took 47 days, from July 10 to August 25. The flower bud morphological differentiation of Duke took 58 days, from August 9 to October 4. (2) the content of soluble sugar and starch in leaves increased first and then decreased during the process of flower bud differentiation. In the early stage of flower bud morphological differentiation soluble sugar content increased and starch content decreased because starch transformed into soluble sugar which provided nutrition for blueberry flower organ formation. The accumulation of soluble sugar and starch was beneficial to the formation of flower organs during flower bud morphological differentiation of blueberry. (3) the flower bud differentiation of blueberry requires a high level of C / N to promote the formation of flower organs. The increasing range of C / N value in physiological differentiation stage can be used as an index to judge the differentiation rate of blueberry flower bud. The larger the increase of C / N value, the greater the flower bud differentiation rate. (4) the lower the level of NC- Fe is beneficial to the process of blueberry morphological differentiation. P was beneficial to the transformation of blueberry flower buds from physiological differentiation to morphological differentiation, Mg and Ca could promote the formation of blueberry flower organs, and the accumulation of appropriate K and Mn could prepare for flowering. (5) the total nucleic acid content in blueberry flower bud differentiation process. The content of RNA increased significantly, the RNA/DNA value was high, and the cell metabolism was vigorous, which promoted the formation of various floral organs in flower bud.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S663.9

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