【摘要】：黃秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus L)是一年生的草本植物,營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富,以食用嫩莢為主,具食、藥和飼用等多種用途,近年來(lái)作為保健綠色蔬菜風(fēng)靡全球。本試驗(yàn)研究以黃秋葵新東京五號(hào)品種為材料,進(jìn)行了不同施肥處理對(duì)黃秋葵生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、生產(chǎn)性狀、果實(shí)產(chǎn)量、黃酮含量、主要營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素在莖、葉、果中的分布和土壤中的殘效分析及活性成分黃酮不同提取方法提取條件的優(yōu)化研究。結(jié)果表明:1、不同施肥處理對(duì)黃秋葵生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和產(chǎn)量的影響。N、P、K肥料單施及配合施對(duì)黃秋葵的生育期、株高、產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素、產(chǎn)量等性狀都有不同程度的影響。施肥處理和對(duì)照相比,N、P肥單獨(dú)施用增產(chǎn)效果都不顯著,當(dāng)N+P+K肥配合施用時(shí)才有顯著的增產(chǎn)效果,果實(shí)產(chǎn)量達(dá)32663.5kg/hm2,增產(chǎn)24.1%,主要表現(xiàn)為植株長(zhǎng)勢(shì)健壯、單株果莢數(shù)增多和單個(gè)果莢重的提高。2、氮、磷、鉀在莖稈、葉片和果實(shí)中的分布趨勢(shì)。N素在果實(shí)中分布最多,其次是葉片;K素主要集中在果實(shí)中,其次是莖稈;P素在莖稈、葉片、果實(shí)中分布都較少。N素在莖稈、葉片和果實(shí)中的含量分別為24.2g/kg、16.5g/kg和8.4g/kg;P素在莖稈、葉片和果實(shí)中的含量分別為1.3g/kg、2.96g/kg和4.1g/kg,K素在莖稈、葉片、果實(shí)中的含量分別為11.7g/kg、5.4g/kg、25.6g/kg。3、不同施肥處理的土壤中氮磷鉀殘效分析。在不同施肥處理的黃秋葵收獲后,土壤的速效K含量高于速效N含量,速效P含量最低。在5種施肥處理中,單施K肥的處理土壤速效N含量最高,單施N肥的處理土壤速效P含量最高,單施K肥的處理速效N和K含量最高,與N+P+K配合施用的處理和對(duì)照差異顯著;而N肥處理對(duì)土壤速效氮無(wú)顯著影響,其原因可能在于施肥一方面刺激了土壤微生物的活性;另一方面植物快速生長(zhǎng)消耗了土壤無(wú)機(jī)氮,導(dǎo)致土壤速效氮并沒(méi)有增加。4、超聲波與水浴回流兩種方法的提取條件優(yōu)化研究。超聲波法與水浴回流法的乙醇濃度、提取溫度、提取時(shí)間對(duì)提取的黃酮含量均有顯著影響。超聲波提取的最佳條件為乙醇濃度80%、提取溫度70℃、提取時(shí)間1.5h,黃酮含量為12.57mg/g。水浴回流提取的最佳條件為乙醇濃度80%、提取溫度80℃、提取時(shí)間1.5h,黃酮含量為12.16mg/g,兩種方法提取的黃酮含量差異不顯著,但超聲波法提取溫度低,操作簡(jiǎn)便,適宜黃秋葵果實(shí)中黃酮的提取。5、不同施肥處理對(duì)黃秋葵花、果實(shí)和種子中黃酮含量的影響。經(jīng)超聲波法提取,黃秋葵各器官的黃酮含量趨勢(shì)是:花的平均含量為22.26mg/g種子15.40mg/g果實(shí)13.01mg/g。在5個(gè)施肥處理中,單施P肥處理的花中黃酮含量最高,為25.63mg/g以N+P+K配合施用處理的果實(shí)和種子中黃酮含量最高,分別為15.23mg/g和17.32mg/g。本文為生產(chǎn)上黃秋葵高效優(yōu)質(zhì)栽培過(guò)程中施肥方案的制定及其黃酮提取方法的研究提供實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)和理論參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:(Abelmoschus esculentus L) is an annual herbaceous plant with rich nutrition, mainly edible pods, food, medicine and forage and so on. In recent years, as a healthy green vegetable, it is popular all over the world. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on growth and development, production characters, fruit yield, flavonoids content, main nutrient elements in stems and leaves of Okra New Tokyo No. 5. The distribution of fruit and the analysis of residual effect in soil and the optimization of extraction conditions of flavonoids were studied. The results showed that: 1. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth, development and yield of Okra were studied. Compared with the control, the effect of applying nongp fertilizer alone on yield increase was not significant. When N P K fertilizer was applied in combination, the yield of fruit reached 32663.5 kg / hm ~ (2) and increased by 24.1 kg / hm ~ (2). The number of pods per plant increased and the weight of single fruit pod increased. 2. The distribution trend of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in stem, leaf and fruit. K was mainly concentrated in fruit, followed by stem, P was less distributed in stem, leaf and fruit. The contents of N in stem, leaf and fruit were 24.2g / kg 16.5g / kg and 8.4 g / kg, respectively. The contents of P in stem, leaf and fruit were 1.3g / kg 2.96g / kg and 4.1 g / kg / kg respectively. The contents of P in stem, leaf and fruit were 11.7g / kg 5.4g / kg and 25.6g / kg 路3, respectively. Analysis of residual effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in different fertilization treatments. The available K content of the soil was higher than that of the available N content, and the available P content was the lowest. Among the five fertilization treatments, the soil available N content was the highest in single K fertilizer application, the highest in soil available P content in single N fertilizer application, and the highest in single K fertilizer treatment. There was a significant difference between the treatment and the control in combination with N P K. However, N fertilizer treatment had no significant effect on soil available nitrogen, which may be due to the fact that fertilization stimulated soil microbial activity on the one hand. On the other hand, the rapid growth of plants consumed soil inorganic nitrogen, resulting in no increase of soil available nitrogen. 4. The extraction conditions of ultrasonic and water bath reflux were optimized. The concentration of ethanol, extraction temperature and extraction time of ultrasonic method and water bath reflux method had significant effects on the content of flavonoids extracted. The optimum conditions for ultrasonic extraction were: ethanol concentration 80, extraction temperature 70 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2396787