發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-11 04:15

【摘要】：本文研究了海洋酸化及變暖對(duì)東亞淺海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中重要經(jīng)濟(jì)物種和生態(tài)關(guān)鍵種——刺參(Apostichopus japonicus)的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置四組條件:對(duì)照組、升溫組、酸化組合酸化升溫組,研究了三部分內(nèi)容:海洋酸化及變暖對(duì)刺參早期發(fā)育的影響、海洋酸化及變暖對(duì)刺參生長和能量收支的影響、海洋酸化及變暖對(duì)刺參免疫的影響。結(jié)果如下:1、對(duì)早期發(fā)育的研究結(jié)果顯示,酸化組刺參受精率顯著下降,但升溫組和酸化升溫組受精率與對(duì)照組相比無顯著差異;酸化組刺參胚胎/幼蟲的生長速度最慢,且個(gè)體較小,升溫組和酸化升溫組刺參幼體的發(fā)育速度顯著快于對(duì)照組,且幼體的體型更大。研究結(jié)果表明,變暖能夠促進(jìn)刺參幼體的發(fā)育,而酸化對(duì)刺參的受精和幼體的早期發(fā)育都有抑制作用,但酸化的這種負(fù)面作用能夠被變暖所抵消,表明是溫度而不是pH是影響刺參早期發(fā)育的主要因素。2、對(duì)刺參生長和能量收支的研究結(jié)果顯示,升溫組刺參的生長未受到影響,刺參的特定生長率、攝食率、排糞率和餌料轉(zhuǎn)化效率與對(duì)照組相比無明顯差異,個(gè)體的離散程度低于對(duì)照組,且表觀消化率顯著低于對(duì)照組。酸化組刺參個(gè)體最小、特定生長率最低、個(gè)體體重的離散程度較大,而攝食率、排糞率、表觀消化率和餌料轉(zhuǎn)化效率未受影響。酸化升溫組刺參的特定生長率、表觀消化率和餌料轉(zhuǎn)化率與對(duì)照組無明顯差異,但攝食率和排糞率均顯著低于對(duì)照組,且個(gè)體體重的離散程度低于對(duì)照組。能量方面,升溫組攝食能、生長能、糞便能、排泄能和呼吸能均與對(duì)照組無明顯差異,且攝入能量的分配模式也未發(fā)生改變。酸化組排泄能顯著提高,且排泄能占攝入能量的比例也明顯升高。酸化升溫組的刺參具有最高的攝食能和呼吸能,生長能、糞便能和排泄能與對(duì)照組差異不顯著,且攝入能量的分配模式未受影響。結(jié)果表明,變暖對(duì)刺參的生長和能量收支均無顯著的影響,而酸化會(huì)抑制刺參的生長并改變能量的分配模式,酸化與變暖的共同作用能夠抵消酸化帶來的負(fù)面影響,促進(jìn)刺參的生長,并維持能量的分配模式。3、對(duì)刺參免疫的研究主要包括了刺參體腔液的抗氧化能力(SOD、CAT和GSH-Px)和溶菌酶含量。研究結(jié)果顯示,在升溫、酸化以及酸化升溫條件下,刺參體腔液的各免疫指標(biāo)與對(duì)照組相比均未產(chǎn)生明顯變化。結(jié)果表明,刺參長期暴露于脅迫環(huán)境中,機(jī)體產(chǎn)生適應(yīng)能力,因此體腔液的幾項(xiàng)免疫指標(biāo)(SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和溶菌酶)與對(duì)照組無差異,但刺參的免疫力是否受到影響還有待進(jìn)一步的研究驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:The effects of ocean acidification and warming on (Apostichopus japonicus), an important economic species and ecological key species in the shallow sea ecosystem of East Asia, were studied in this paper. Four groups of conditions were set up: control group, heating group and acidified combined acidification group. The effects of ocean acidification and warming on the early development of sea cucumber, and the effects of ocean acidification and warming on the growth and energy budget of sea cucumber were studied. Effects of ocean acidification and warming on the immunity of sea cucumber. The results are as follows: 1. The results of early development study showed that the fertilization rate of the acidified group decreased significantly, but there was no significant difference between the warming group and the acidified group compared with the control group. The growth rate of embryo / larva in the acidified group was the slowest and the individual was smaller. The growth rate of the larvae in the warming group and acidified warming group was significantly faster than that in the control group, and the larva was larger in size. The results show that warming can promote the development of larvae, while acidification inhibits fertilization and early development of larvae, but the negative effects of acidification can be counteracted by warming. It was indicated that temperature rather than pH was the main factor affecting the early development of sea cucumber. 2. The results of the study on the growth and energy budget of sea cucumber showed that the growth of sea cucumber was not affected, and the specific growth rate and feeding rate of sea cucumber were not affected. There was no significant difference in fecal excrement rate and feed conversion efficiency between the two groups. The degree of individual dispersion was lower than that of the control group, and the apparent digestibility was significantly lower than that of the control group. In the acidified group, the individual was the smallest, the specific growth rate was the lowest, and the individual weight dispersion was larger, but the feeding rate, excrement rate, apparent digestibility and feed conversion efficiency were not affected. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate, apparent digestibility and feed conversion rate, but the feeding rate and fecal excretion rate of the acidified warming group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the dispersion degree of individual body weight was lower than that of the control group. In terms of energy intake energy growth energy fecal energy excretion energy and respiratory energy of the heating group were not significantly different from those of the control group. The excretion energy of acidified group increased significantly, and the proportion of excretion energy to ingested energy also increased significantly. There was no significant difference in feeding energy, respiratory energy, growth energy, fecal energy and excretion energy between the acidified warming group and the control group, and the distribution pattern of intake energy was not affected. The results showed that warming had no significant effect on the growth and energy budget of sea cucumber, but acidification inhibited the growth of sea cucumber and changed the energy distribution pattern. The combined effects of acidification and warming could counteract the negative effects of acidification. The study on the immunity of sea cucumber mainly includes the antioxidation ability (SOD,CAT and GSH-Px) and lysozyme content in the body cavity of sea cucumber. The results showed that under the conditions of heating acidification and acidizing the immune indexes of the body cavity fluid of Acanthopsis japonicus had no significant change compared with the control group. The results showed that there was no difference in several immune indexes (SOD,CAT,GSH-Px and lysozyme) between the body and the control group because of the adaptability of the body when the sea cucumber was exposed to the stress environment for a long time. But whether the immunity of sea cucumber is affected or not remains to be further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S917.4

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