【摘要】：大蒜是百合科蔥屬草本植物,含維生素C、多種氨基酸及大蒜素等對人體有益的營養(yǎng)成分,蒜苗作為特定時期的大蒜青苗,也具有極高的營養(yǎng)與藥用價值。在蒜苗的水培試驗中,關(guān)于不同營養(yǎng)液配方、品種及種蒜類型對蒜苗的影響還鮮有報道。本試驗采用深液流技術(shù)對蒜苗進行水培,探究營養(yǎng)液配方、品種及種蒜類型對蒜苗生長、品質(zhì)及產(chǎn)量的影響。復(fù)合肥配方試驗采用0.1%、0.2%、0.3%、0.4%及0.5%5個處理;營養(yǎng)液配方采用5個處理,即清水對照、0.2%復(fù)合肥、0.2%復(fù)合肥加微肥、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Hoagland,改良Hoagland;品種試驗選取金鄉(xiāng)大蒜、四川早蒜及蒼山大蒜;種蒜處理采用蒼山大蒜單瓣、半頭及整頭。分別在培養(yǎng)20d、40d及60d時取樣測定生長、產(chǎn)量與品質(zhì)指標(biāo),從而篩選出適宜的營養(yǎng)液配方、品種及種蒜類型,為水培蒜苗的優(yōu)質(zhì)、高產(chǎn)提供理論依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、復(fù)合肥試驗結(jié)果表明,除0.3%復(fù)合肥加微肥處理的維生素C及可溶性蛋白含量略高于0.2%復(fù)合肥加微肥處理,復(fù)合肥(N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15)0.2%加微肥配方在株高、假莖粗及植株鮮重等生長指標(biāo),光合特性、葉片酶活性及根系活力等生理特性,可溶性糖、大蒜素等營養(yǎng)指標(biāo),以及每公斤蒜頭的蒜苗產(chǎn)量、單位面積產(chǎn)量等方面較其它處理均表現(xiàn)最佳。2、營養(yǎng)液配方試驗結(jié)果表明,0.2%復(fù)合肥加微肥及改良Hoagland處理蒜苗的植株形態(tài)指標(biāo)、色素含量、可溶性糖含量及產(chǎn)量均高于其他處理,0.2%復(fù)合肥加微肥處理蒜苗的光合特性、大蒜素含量及可溶性蛋白含量高于其他處理,改良Hoagland處理蒜苗的葉片酶活性、根系活力及維生素C含量高于其他處理。其中,各處理(0.2%復(fù)合肥加微肥、0.2%復(fù)合肥、改良Hoagland、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Hoagland)的植株鮮重分別比清水對照增加67.0%、32.8%、73.7%及51.7%,株高分別增加31.3%、3.8%、32.1%、7.1%。綜合來看,0.2%復(fù)合肥加微肥與改良Hoagland這兩個處理蒜苗的生長、綜合品質(zhì)及產(chǎn)量均高于其他處理。3、品種試驗結(jié)果表明,除蒼山大蒜葉片內(nèi)可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量高于四川早蒜與金鄉(xiāng)大蒜外,金鄉(xiāng)大蒜的生長指標(biāo)、品質(zhì)指標(biāo)、每公斤蒜頭的蒜苗產(chǎn)量及單位面積產(chǎn)量都最優(yōu)。其中,在培養(yǎng)60d時金鄉(xiāng)大蒜根系活力分別比蒼山大蒜、四川早蒜高7.9%、29.9%,大蒜素含量分別高15.4%、11.0%,VC含量分別高11.3%、6.3%,每公斤蒜頭產(chǎn)量分別高19.0%、36.9%。整體而言,金鄉(xiāng)大蒜的生長、品質(zhì)指標(biāo)及產(chǎn)量高于四川早蒜與蒼山大蒜。4、種蒜試驗結(jié)果表明,單瓣種植的蒜苗其株高、假莖粗、植株鮮重、光合特性、根系活力、可溶性糖含量、大蒜素含量、每公斤蒜頭的蒜苗產(chǎn)量及單位面積產(chǎn)量等都較半頭種植及整頭種植更優(yōu)。其中,培養(yǎng)60d時單瓣種植的產(chǎn)量與半頭種植及整頭種植相較最高,分別高出32.5%、57.5%,類胡蘿卜素分別高出23.1%、14.3%,根系活力分別高出18.9%、9.6%,大蒜素含量分別高出3.3%、17.8%�？傮w來說,單瓣種植更有利于蒜苗增產(chǎn)提質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Garlic is a herbaceous plant of Liliaceae, which contains vitamin C, various amino acids and allicin, and so on. Garlic seedling, as a special period of garlic green seedling, also has high nutritional and medicinal value. In the experiment of garlic seedling hydroponic culture, there are few reports on the effect of different nutrient solution formula, variety and type of garlic on garlic seedling. In this experiment, deep liquid flow technique was used to study the effects of nutrient solution formula, variety and type of garlic on the growth, quality and yield of garlic seedlings. The formula test of compound fertilizer was treated with 0. 1 0. 2% and 0. 5% respectively. The formula of nutrient solution was treated with five treatments, namely, water control, 0.2% compound fertilizer, 0.2% compound fertilizer and micro-fertilizer. Jinxiang garlic, Sichuan early garlic and Cangshan garlic were selected in standard Hoagland, improved Hoagland; variety experiment. Cangshan garlic single leaf, half head and whole head are used to seed garlic. The growth, yield and quality indexes were measured after 20 days of culture for 40 days and 60 days, respectively. The suitable nutrient solution formula, variety and type of garlic were screened out, which provided theoretical basis for high quality and high yield of hydroponic garlic seedlings. The main results are as follows: 1. The results of compound fertilizer test showed that the content of vitamin C and soluble protein in the treatment with 0.3% compound fertilizer plus micro-fertilizer was slightly higher than that in the treatment of 0.2% compound fertilizer and micro-fertilizer. Compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) 0.2% microelement fertilizer formula was applied to plant height, stem diameter and plant fresh weight, photosynthetic characteristics, leaf enzyme activity and root activity, soluble sugar, allicin and other physiological characteristics. And the garlic seedling yield per kilogram and yield per unit area were the best compared with other treatments. 2. The results of nutrient solution formula test showed that the plant morphological index of garlic seedling treated with 0.2% compound fertilizer and improved Hoagland was better than that of other treatments. Pigment content, soluble sugar content and yield were higher than those of other treatments, photosynthetic characteristics, allicin content and soluble protein content of garlic seedlings treated with 0.2% compound fertilizer and micro-fertilizer were higher than those of other treatments, and the leaf enzyme activity of improved Hoagland treatment was higher than that of other treatments. Root activity and vitamin C content were higher than other treatments. Among them, the plant fresh weight of each treatment (0.2% compound fertilizer plus micro-fertilizer, 0.2% compound fertilizer, improved Hoagland, standard Hoagland) increased 67.0% and 32.8% and 51.7%, respectively, compared with the fresh water control. The height of the plant increased by 31.3and 3.8and by 32.1and 7.1respectively. In general, the growth, comprehensive quality and yield of garlic seedlings treated with 0.2% compound fertilizer plus micro-fertilizer and improved Hoagland were higher than those of other treatments. Except for the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in leaves of Cangshan garlic was higher than that of Sichuan early garlic and Jinxiang garlic, the growth index, quality index, seedling yield and yield per kilogram of garlic were the best in Jinxiang garlic. After 60 days of culture, the root activity of garlic in Jinxiang was higher than that in Cangshan and Sichuan, respectively, and the content of allicin in Jinxiang was higher than that in Cangshan and Sichuan, respectively, and the content of allicin was 15.4and 11.0VC was higher than that of Cangshan garlic, and the content of VC was higher than that of Cangshan garlic. The yield of garlic per kilogram was 19.0% and 36.9% respectively. On the whole, the growth, quality index and yield of garlic in Jinxiang were higher than those in Sichuan early garlic and Cangshan garlic. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, plant fresh weight, photosynthetic characteristics and root activity of single clove garlic seedlings were higher than those of Sichuan early garlic and Cangshan garlic. Soluble sugar content, allicin content, seedling yield per kilogram of garlic and yield per unit area were better than half head planting and whole head planting. After 60 days of culture, the yield of single plant was the highest than that of half head planting and whole head planting, which was 32.5% and 57.5% higher than that of carotenoid, 23.1% and 14.3%, respectively, and the root activity was 18.9% higher than that of carotenoid, respectively. The content of allicin was higher than that of 3. 3% and 17. 8% respectively. On the whole, single-valve planting is more favorable to increase production and improve quality of garlic seedling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S633.4

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